The invention discloses a portable biological sample storage device, and relates to the technical field of biological sample storage devices. The portable biological sample storage device comprises abox, a supporting plate, a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate are sequentially and fixedly connected between the two sides of the inner wall of the box from bottom to top, a containing holeis formed inside the second fixing plate, clamping grooves are formed in the portions, located on the two sides of the containing hole, inside the second fixing plate, springs are fixedly connected tothe inner walls of the clamping grooves, pushing plates are fixedly connected to the ends, away from the inner walls of the clamping grooves, of the springs, connecting rods are fixedly connected toone sides of the pushing plates, and the ends, away from the pushing plates, of the connecting rods penetrate through the containing hole and extend inside the containing hole. According to the portable biological sample storage device, biological samples can be conveniently stored, time of workers is saved, the sampling working efficiency of the workers is improved, and the protection effect on collected samples can be achieved.