The present invention discloses a water level monitoring system based on wireless transmission. The water level monitoring system mainly comprises a wireless water level detection apparatus and a wireless data processing apparatus, wherein the wireless water level detection apparatus comprises a water level sensor, a signal amplifier, an A/D converter, a microprocessor and a wireless emission module, the water level sensor, the signal amplifier, the A/D converter, the microprocessor and the wireless emission module are sequentially connected, the wireless emission module is connected with an emission antenna, the microprocessor is further connected with an emission clock module, the wireless data processing apparatus comprises an intelligent controller, a digital display module, a key input module, a GSM communication module, a wireless receiving module, a receiving clock module, a RS485 module, a serial port module and a switching power supply module, and the digital display module, the key input module, the GSM communication module, the wireless receiving module, the receiving clock module, the RS485 module, the serial port module and the switching power supply module are respectively connected with the intelligent controller. The water level monitoring system of the present invention has beneficial effects of strong practicality, wide use range, high accuracy, good reliability, easy installation and use, low cost, real-time wireless water level monitoring achieving during unattended operation, easy promotion application, and the like.