The invention discloses a water-based extinguishing agent. The water-based extinguishing agent is prepared by raw materials including, by mass percent, 20% to 50% of a composite coagulant reduction agent, 0.5% to 2.0% of a thickening agent, 7% to 20% of a fire retardant, 4% to 10% of a stabilizing agent, 4% to 16% of a micro-foaming agent, 0.5% to 4% of a hardness-resisting agent, 0.2% to 5% of a solubilizing agent, 0.1% to 0.5% of a corrosion remover and the balance water. According to the water-based extinguishing agent, a food additive serves as a main raw material, a fluorocarbon surfactant is not contained, and the agent has the beneficial effects of being low in solidifying point, high in fire extinguishing cooling speed, capable of rapidly extinguishing fires of solids, liquid, gas and electrified and cooking objects, high in after-combustion resistance capacity, meanwhile, free of harms and pollutions to plants, animals, soil and water, capable of achieving complete biodegradation, energy-saving and environment-friendly.