77results about How to "Expand the sampling range" patented technology

Risk of inadvertent introduction of software bugs to a large number of users during a software update is minimized using an automatic mechanism controlling update release. A value-generating module generates a value for a computer, the value falling within a population range of values. A specification module receives update information in an update deployment specification. The information specifies an eligibility window during which a specified portion of the population range is eligible to retrieve an update. The specification can include fields, such as a code selector, a value offset, a start time, etc. An eligibility determination module applies rules to automatically determine eligibility of the computer to retrieve the software update. The computer is determined eligible when the value for the computer falls within the specified portion of the population range for the eligibility window. An update module permits the computer to retrieve the software update based on the eligibility determination.

The invention provides improved methods and apparatus for fluid chromatography, and is particularly appropriate to high-pressure liquid chromatography carried out using eluent flow rates less than 1 μl / minute, for example on nanoflow columns. In both single- and multi-dimensional chromatography systems, especially those comprising trapping media to facilitate injection of relatively large volumes of sample on to nanoflow columns, the on-line addition of a diluting solvent enables stronger eluents and sample solvents to be employed without causing premature release of analytes from the trapping media or the degradation of the second dimension chromatographic separation. The invention may be advantageously used for two-dimension reverse phase / reverse phase separations, especially for the separation of complex mixtures of peptides.

The risk of inadvertent introduction of software bugs to a large number of users during a software update is minimized by controlling updates using a uniform mechanism of sending updates to seed users. A value-generating module generates a value for a computer, the value falling within a population range of values. A sampling range-generating module generates a sampling range of values as a proper subset of the population range, the probability of the random value falling within the sampling range being predetermined. An eligibility determination module determines whether the computer is eligible to receive a software update, the computer being determined eligible when the random value for the computer falls within the sampling range, and an update module provides the software update to the computer based on the eligibility determination. In some embodiments, a problem review module determines whether the update has caused a problem for computers receiving the update.

The invention discloses a soil sampling device for municipal construction. The soil sampling device comprises a bottom plate, wherein a side face of the bottom plate is provided with a slide way; the internal thread turning direction of a first casing block is reverse to that of a second casing block; lower ends of the first casing block and the second casing block are hinged with connecting rods; lower ends of the connecting rods are hinged to a connection block; a right side of a first vertical column is provided with a reducing motor; a driving gear is fixedly arranged on a motor shaft of the reducing motor; a driven gear is fixedly arranged at a right end of a lead screw; the driven gear is in meshed connection with the driving gear; a bracket is vertically and fixedly arranged at a right end of the bottom plate; a threaded sleeve is horizontally arranged on the bracket; a threaded rod is inserted into the threaded sleeve; the threaded rod is in threaded connection with the threaded sleeve in a matching way. By adopting the soil sampling device, the sampling position of a sampling pipe can be changed, so that the sampling range is enlarged; meanwhile, hard stones can be avoided in order to protect the sampling pipe from being damaged; a stud can be rotated to adjust the sampling depth of the sampling pipe, so that the adjustment flexibility is enhanced, and the practicability of the soil sampling device is improved.

An apparatus to excise a sample of material and temporarily store sample has a tubular clamshell casing at an angle to the horizontal, blended to a tubular boss under which is a tubular sample sleeve extending downwards from the boss. Within the casing an electric motor is housed which drives, via gears, the sample sleeve in a rotational manner. The end of the sleeve, distal from the boss, forms a cutting edge circumscribing a circular region. An ejection rod slides reciprocally within the sample sleeve between a stowed position and an expulsion position. When the ejection rod moves from the stowed position to the expulsion position, it will extend past the cutting edge and expel any sample of material contained within the cutting sleeve. A user cuts a sample from a source material using the cutting blade of the apparatus when the ejection rod is in the stowed position. The sample is cut when the cutting blade engages contact against the sample and gentle downward pressure is applied while a finger trigger activates the electric drive to rotate the cutting sleeve. Alternately a user may cut a sample from a source material by engaging contact between the cutting edge of the tubular sleeve and the source material, applying downward pressure against the source material thereby activating the electric drive to rotate the tubular cutting sleeve. Once the source material has been cut it is simultaneously extracted and lodged within the tubular sleeve. The extracted sample remains lodged in the tip of the tubular cutting sleeve until the user actuates the ejection rod through the sleeve to the expulsion position to eject the sample of source material. Return actuation of the eject rod is comprised of a coil spring that biases the rod in the retracted stowed position.

The invention relates to the technical field of teaching management systems, in particular to a server with a teaching quality evaluation function. The server comprises a data storage module, an evaluation management module, a data analysis module and a data evaluation module. The evaluation management module is used for controlling a data collection device to perform collection and sending of classroom data; the data analysis module is used for analyzing the classroom data; the data evaluation module includes an attendance evaluation module and an evaluation statistics module, wherein the attendance evaluation module is used for generating student attendance data according to a recognition result of a human face recognition sub-module and basic data of a course, and the evaluation statistics module is used for generating a course evaluation result for the course and updating the course evaluation result in the storage module according to classroom evaluation data records. The server with the teaching quality evaluation function can solve the problems that there are great randomness and subjectivity in existing teaching quality evaluation processes, and the statistics process is cumbersome and time consuming.

The invention relates to the technical field of teaching management system, in particular to a teaching quality evaluation system comprising a classroom data acquisition module, a video analysis module, an attendance evaluation module, a classroom disciplinary evaluation module, an activity evaluation module and an evaluation statistics module. The classroom data acquisition module is used for collecting video data in a classroom; the video analysis module consists of a face recognition sub modules and a motion recognition sub module; the attendance evaluation module is used for generating student attendance data based on a face recognition result; the classroom disciplinary evaluation module is used for generating student action disciplinary data based on student actions; the activity evaluation module is used for generating activity data of the student based on the action identification result; and the evaluation statistics module is used for generating a classroom evaluation resultbased on the data, carrying out statistics of all classroom evaluation results, and generating a classroom evaluation result. With the teaching quality evaluation system, problems of high work load, small sampling range, and high evaluation result contingency during the existing teaching quality evaluation process are solved.

The present invention relates to a sampling device 100. The sampling device 100 comprises a separate compartment 110 that is ejected creating an increased space or volume for a sample to be stored. The sampling device 100 of the present invention is suitable for collecting a sample in an aquaculture environment, enclosed system or in the gastrointestinal tract of a human or an animal. The invention also relates to a method of orally administering the device 100 to an animal and recovering the device 100 and / or separate compartment 110 to carry out analysis on the collected sample for diagnosing the health of the gastrointestinal tract and determining nutrient absorption and digestibility.

The present invention relates to a sampling device 100. The sampling device 100 comprises a separate compartment 110 that is ejected creating an increased space or volume for a sample to be stored The sampling device 100 of the present invention is suitable for collecting a sample in an aquaculture environment, enclosed system or in the gastrointestinal tract of a human or an animal. The invention also relates to a method of orally administering the device to an animal and recovering the device 100 and / or separate compartment 110 to carry out analysis on the collected sample for diagnosing the health of the gastrointestinal tract and determining nutrient absorption and digestibility.

The invention discloses a drilling sampling device and a use method and relates to the technical field of drilling sampling equipment. An operation handle (5) is arranged on a lifting shaft (4), a motor (6) is arranged at one side of a lifting device (3), a control device (7) is arranged between the lifting device (3) and the motor (6), a speed regulating rotary knob (8) and a power switch (9) are arranged on the control device (7), the upper end of a main shaft (11) is connected with the motor (6) through a connecting sleeve (10), the lower end of the main shaft (11) is connected with a sampling cylinder (12), the upper end of the sampling cylinder (12) is provided with a cover body (13), and a plurality of triangular edge boards (14) are evenly arranged at the bottom of the sampling cylinder (12). The drilling sampling device is reasonable in structural design, easy to operate, convenient to use, high in operation efficiency, large in sampling range, light, low in labor intensity, convenient to carry, safe, reliable and capable of automatically controlling the sampling depth, being automatically controlled to be switched on and switched off and satisfying the use requirements of people.

The present invention provides a battery voltage sampling circuit, a battery voltage sampling method, and a battery pack voltage detection system. The battery voltage sampling circuit at least comprises: a bias signal input end, a bias circuit, a battery voltage voltage-division circuit, an operational amplifier circuit, a voltage-to-current circuit and a current-to-voltage module. The battery voltage sampling circuit provided by the invention integrally stays in a turn-off state when offset signals are not received, and the power consumption of the battery voltage sampling circuit is almost zero, so that the power consumption is greatly reduced; the battery voltage sampling circuit has different circuit structures with regard to a high-end battery and a low-end battery, the sampling precision is much higher and will not be influenced by the batter voltage, and even if the battery voltage approaches zero volt, the precision sampling may be performed, so that the sampling range is greatly expanded; and moreover, when the open circuit of a battery pack occurs, the voltage actually input to an operational amplifier is still in a normal working range due to the existence of the battery voltage voltage-division circuit, so that a chip will not be damaged and the chip and the battery pack voltage detection system may be effectively protected.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an immunochromatography method capable of measuring a sample in a low concentration range and a high concentration range by setting the measurable range of the sample much wider than the conventional measurable range. The present invention provides an immunochromatography method, which comprises: spreading a test substance, a first labeling substance modified with a first binding substance that binds to the test substance, and a second labeling substance modified with the first binding substance that binds to the test substance, which are in a mixed state, on an insoluble carrier; and capturing the test substance, the first labeling substance, and / or the second labeling substance at a reaction site on the insoluble carrier having a substance having ability to bind to the first binding substance that binds to the test substance, so as to detect the test substance, wherein the first labeling substance is a labeling substance that causes an amplification reaction, and the second labeling substance is a labeling substance that does not substantially influence on the amplification reaction.

The present invention discloses an automatic angle-variable water quality monitoring water taking tank having a stretching rod. The automatic angle-variable water quality monitoring water taking tank is characterized by comprising an operation plate and a water quality monitoring water taking tank, wherein the operation plate comprises a storage battery, a stepping motor, a wire take-up wheel and a stretching rod, the storage battery is positioned inside the operation plate, the stepping motor is connected on the storage battery in parallel and is fixedly provided with the wire take-up wheel, the wire take-up wheel is fixedly arranged on the rear end of the stretching rod, the front end of the stretching rod is provided with a pulley, the water quality monitoring water taking tank comprises a tank body, a tank mouth and a weight balancing block, the tank body comprises a cylinder with sealing heads respectively welded on the upper end and the lower end, and a tank bottom, the tank mouth is welded with the sealing head through the lower end of a piston sleeve and is communicated with the tank body, and the weight balancing block is fixed on the tank bottom through the screw. The automatic angle-variable water quality monitoring water taking tank of the present invention has the following beneficial effects that: the automatic multi-angle conversion of the sampling tank can be achieved, the sampling range is increased, the automatic sampling can be easily achieved, the sectional weight balancing along with the water depth can be easily achieved, the labor intensity is reduced, the design is rational, the sealing property is good, the quality of the sampled water sample is reliable, the applicable water depth range is wide, and the operation is easy.

The invention relates to a coal seam reticulated gas extraction drilling construction method of a water jet drilling machine. The coal seam reticulated gas extraction drilling construction method comprises the step of drilling a plurality of water jet construction drilling holes in a coal seam, and is characterized in that the water jet drilling machine with a 360-degree direction identification plate is utilized, an outer drill rod is mainly rotated, so that the direction identification position of a water jet nozzle is aligned with the position of another adjacent water jet construction drilling hole of the water jet construction drilling hole to which the angle of a dial corresponds; the water jet drilling machine is started, so that an inner drill rod drills by L<drill> meters to formanother water jet drilling hole in the direction from the water jet construction drilling hole to the adjacent water jet construction drilling hole; and all water jet drilling holes in the direction from all the water jet construction drilling holes to all the adjacent water jet construction drilling holes are repeatedly completed. The reticulated through gas extraction drilling holes can be constructed directionally according to the needs; the gas extraction range of the extraction drilling holes is expanded; the pressure relief area is enlarged; and the coal seam reticulated gas extraction drilling construction method is particularly suitable for gas extraction in hard coal seams with low permeability such as anthracite coal seam gas extraction, and effectively improves the gas drainageeffect of the coal seam.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a decontamination type laundry detergent. The method comprises the following steps of: purification: purifying stored deionized water by using a water quality purification mechanism, conveying the purified deionized water into a stirring tank in the middle of a mounting frame; stirring: injecting raw materials into the stirring tank through a feedingpipe, heating the raw materials, and driving a stirring shaft to rotate by a driving motor so as to stir the raw materials, and fully stirring the raw materials through an emulsification promoting mechanism. The raw materials in the stirring tank can be fully mixed through the emulsification promoting mechanism, the raw materials can be fully mixed, and the situation that the quality of the prepared laundry detergent is unqualified due to uneven mixing of the raw materials is avoided, and meanwhile, through cooperative use of a circulating pump and a circulating conveying pipe, the mixed solution at the bottom of the stirring tank is pumped out and then re-injected into the stirring tank, the problem that the solution is deposited at the bottom of the stirring tank and cannot be fully mixed is avoided, raw materials are fully emulsified, raw material mixing is promoted, and the activity of the raw materials can be improved.

The invention discloses a creeping-type water quality sampling device for water quality detection and a water quality sampling method. The creeping-type water quality sampling device comprises a shellbody, an adjustable water quality sampling device and a gas driving device, wherein the adjustable water quality sampling device and the gas driving device are both installed on the shell body, the adjustable water quality sampling device is used for sampling water, and the gas driving device is used for driving the whole creeping-type water quality sampling device to creep; the adjustable waterquality sampling device comprises a turntable group, a submersible pump, a first T-shaped three-way valve, a first interface guide pipe, a first metal snakelike hose, a first hard guide pipe, a secondhard guide pipe, a second metal snakelike hose, a second interface guide pipe and a sample water storage disc; and the gas driving device comprises gas distribution plates arranged in side bins, telescopic gas supply devices communicated with the side bins located at the top part of the shell body, and gas guide pipes communicating the adjacent side bins. The creeping-type water quality samplingdevice has the advantages of wide water quality sampling range, high flexibility, adjustable sampling water quantity and accurate sampling.

The invention provides a low-noise optimization method suitable for geometric parameters of a bionic vane pump. The low-noise optimization method comprises the following steps: determining optimization variables as the pit diameter, the pit flow direction interval and the pit spanwise interval; determining an optimization target as a total sound pressure level; determining a value range of the optimization variable; determining a sample level number, taking the optimization variable as a factor, and making a uniform design table of a factor level; randomly determining a test sample according to the uniform design table; carrying out numerical simulation and acoustic calculation according to the test sample, and determining the pit arrangement position; establishing a sample database according to the uniform design table to obtain a prediction model; and performing optimization solution by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the neural network prediction model, takingthe total sound pressure level value as a fitness value, and performing calculation to obtain a value of an optimization variable when the total sound pressure level is minimum. According to the method, reasonable optimization variables can be obtained, an appropriate value range determination method is provided, and application of a modern optimization algorithm in the bionic vane pump is achieved.

The invention discloses a river water sampling device for a water conservancy project, relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and mainly aims at solving the problem that an existing sampling device can only perform sampling work at one position at a time. The river water sampling device comprises a sampling unit, wherein the sampling unit comprises a mounting plate, a sampling cylinder, a motor, a turntable and a connecting rod. The river water sampling device further comprises a mounting unit used for driving the sampling unit to move, wherein the mounting unit comprises a bottom plate, a mounting column and an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the position of the sampling unit, the adjusting mechanism comprises a bidirectional lead screw, a shear fork structure anda connecting sleeve, the sampling unit is arranged, and a plurality of sampling cylinders can sample a plurality of positions at the same depth at the same time, so that the working efficiency is improved; and the mounting unit is arranged, the sampling direction can be adjusted, the bidirectional lead screw is driven to rotate, the bidirectional lead screw drives an internal thread sleeve to move, the internal thread sleeve drives the shear fork mechanism to stretch out and draw back, and the shear fork mechanism drives the sampling unit to move, so that the position of the sampling unit canbe adjusted, and the sampling range is large.

The present invention relates to a sampling device 100. The sampling device 100 comprises a separate compartment 110 that is ejected creating an increased space or volume for a sample to be stored. The sampling device 100 of the present invention is suitable for collecting a sample in an aquaculture environment, enclosed system or in the gastrointestinal tract of a human or an animal. The invention also relates to a method of orally administering the device 100 to an animal and recovering the device 100 and / or separate compartment 110 to carry out analysis on the collected sample for diagnosing the health of the gastrointestinal tract and determining nutrient absorption and digestibility.

The invention relates to a precise ammonia spraying device and a method for thermal power plant denitration SCR reactors. The precise ammonia spraying device comprises a flue gas extraction and analysis system and an ammonia spraying grid partitioning system; the flue gas extraction and analysis system comprises a sampler; the sampler is connected with a sampling branch pipe; an analysis branch pipe is derived from the sampling branch pipe and is designed to stretch into an analyzer; an ammonia spraying grid subarea comprises an ammonia spraying main pipe, the ammonia spraying main pipe is divided into ammonia spraying subarea branch pipes, ammonia flowmeters and subarea leveling valves are arranged on the ammonia spraying subarea branch pipes, and the subarea leveling valves are connectedwith bypass subarea leveling valves in parallel; measurement data obtained by the flue gas extraction and analysis system is used for adjusting ammonia spraying grid ammonia spraying amount. According to the precise ammonia spraying device and the method for denitration SCR reactors, the sampling measurement value can represent the average NOX concentration and NOX concentration distribution of the whole section, and the ammonia spraying amount automatically tracked by an SCR system is coincide with the ammonia spraying amount actually needed on site.

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a medical dental sampling device, comprising a housing. A first motor is fixedly connected to the front end of theinner wall of the left of the housing; the output end of the first motor is fixedly connected with an eccentric wheel; a transmission ring is slidably connected to the outer diameter of the eccentricwheel; a push rod is fixedly connected to the right center of the transmission ring; a sleeve is fixedly connected to the left inner wall of the housing; the center of the sleeve is provided with a first through hole; the sleeve is slidably connected with the push rod through the first through hole; the right end of the push rod is fixedly connected with a slider. The eccentric wheel may adjust the travel of the slider through eccentric wheel and gear transmission; the gear transmission helps decrease motor speed, thereby reducing the speed of a clamp block and arriving at low speed with short travel; the sampling process is mild and painless and noninvasive and is applicable to dental sampling for different crowds; the medical dental sampling device has great economic and market values and is worthy of popularization and use.

A sampling device for water quality monitoring comprises a telescopic cylinder, the telescopic cylinder is sleeved with a winding device, and the winding device is connected with a connecting line and a sampling barrel; the sampling barrel comprises an uppermost threaded cover, a barrel part and a cone part, and a communicating valve communicated with the interior of the sampling barrel is arranged on the threaded cover; and a filter mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the cone part and comprises a filter pipe communicated with the cone part, a second filter screen is arranged above the filter pipe, a limiting device is arranged below the second filter screen, and a floating ball is arranged in the limiting device. According to the device, a water sample of a water layer with a specified depth can be collected, and a sediment sample in the water sample of the water layer with the specified depth can be collected, so that the functionality of the device is improved; and the problem that the sampling barrel moves along with water flow due to the impact of the water flow to the sampling device in the flowing water flow sampling process, and the sampling barrel cannot be accurately controlled to reach the depth of a water layer with a specified depth so as to collect a corresponding water sample is solved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of atmospheric environment monitoring, and particularly relates to unmanned aerial vehicle atmospheric monitoring equipment, which comprises detection equipment, a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle and a mounting bracket for connecting the detection equipment and the quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle, the detection equipment comprises a shell, and a sampling assembly, an air detection sensor, a video capture module, a GPS positioning module, a signal wireless transmission module and a power supply module are arranged in the shell. Rapid disassemblyand assembly of the detection equipment and the unmanned aerial vehicle are realized through the mounting bracket, and a air sampling port of the sampling assembly is far away from a rotor wing of theunmanned aerial vehicle through an extension arm, so that interference of airflow generated by the rotor wing to detection data is avoided; besides, when the extension arm is unfolded, the sampling range of the detection equipment can be enlarged, the reciprocating navigation frequency of the unmanned aerial vehicle is reduced, the detection efficiency is improved, and the extension arm is convenient for overall storage and transportation of the unmanned aerial vehicle detection equipment in a folded state.

The invention relates to a data quality detection method and device, and the method comprises the steps: determining a detection strategy corresponding to a to-be-detected data set, and enabling the detection strategy to be used for detecting whether to-be-detected data in the to-be-detected data set meets a preset data quality requirement or not; checking to-be-detected data through the checkingstrategy to obtain a checking result corresponding to the to-be-detected data; and obtaining a data quality detection result of the to-be-detected data set according to the detection result. Comparedwith the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages: the technical scheme has the following advantages. According to the scheme, the problems of time and labor consuming, high detection cost and long verification period of manual sampling sample generation in the big data quality detection process can be solved; and moreover, the randomdetection sample generation automation and the detection process automation can be realized, the method is suitable for various detection scenes, and the method has the advantages of reducing the labor cost, expanding the sampling range and accelerating the detection speed.

The invention provides a signal sampling test method which includes: step 1 testing the starting point of sinusoidal signals serving as signals to be sampled so as to lead a tester and the sinusoidal signals to perform timing synchronization; step 2 using the tester to randomly generate a plurality of periodic pulse sampling signals and using the plurality of periodic pulse sampling signals to take samples from the signals to be sampled so as to obtain discrete sampling values, wherein each of the plurality of periodic pulse sampling signals is independently generated; and step 3 combining the discrete sampling values obtained by using the plurality of periodic pulse sampling signals to take samples from the signals to be sampled to obtain the final discrete sampling value of the signals to be sampled. Therefore, the signal sampling test method can enlarge the sampling range capable of being achieved by the tester.

The invention provides a respiratory tract virus nucleic acid sampling test kit and application thereof, the test kit comprises a nasal spray and a sample preserving fluid, and the nasal spray comprises the following components by weight percentage: 0.9%-3% of sodium chloride, 0.1%-0.5% of sodium pyruvate, 0.01%-0.1% of pyruvic acid, 0.01%-0.1% of Tween 80, 0.01%-0.1% of glyceryl monostearate andthe balance of sterile water; the sample preserving fluid is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.08 to 0.12 percent of glucose, 0.02 to 0.03 percent of calcium chloride,0.03 to 0.05 percent of potassium chloride, 0.01 to 0.015 percent of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.01 to 0.015 percent of isoleucine, 0.01-0.015% of leucine, 0.01-0.015% of lysine hydrochloride and the balance normal saline. The method can effectively improve the nucleic acid detection rate of the respiratory tract virus.

The invention discloses a liquid tungsten hexafluoride sampling device and relates to the technical field of chemical engineering sampling. The sampling device comprises a sampling pipe assembly, a connecting pipe, a sampling head assembly and a purification assembly, wherein the sampling pipe assembly and the sampling head assembly are connected through a connecting pipe, and a purification assembly is mounted on the sampling head assembly; the sampling pipe assembly is used for driving the sampling head assembly to perform premixing and diffusion type liquid absorption on liquid tungsten hexafluoride, and the purification assembly is used for purifying gaseous tungsten hexafluoride diffused by the liquid tungsten hexafluoride; according to the sampling device, pre-mixing and diffusion type liquid absorption of samples can be realized, so sampling precision is improved; meanwhile, harmful gas in the to-be-sampled liquid can be synchronously absorbed, so the harmful gas is prevented from leaking, and safe sampling is facilitated.

The invention discloses a high-flexibility mechanized aquatic plant sampling device. The device comprises a rack; a flexible mechanism, a power supply, a bucket and an inner cylinder are respectivelymounted at the top of the rack; the inner cylinder is sleeved in the bucket; a separation plate is fixed on the inner cylinder; meshes are formed in the separation plate and the inner cylinder; a lifting mechanism is mounted at the end of the flexible mechanism; a first driving mechanism is mounted at the end of the lifting mechanism; a grinding tooth is fixed at the end of the first driving mechanism; a second driving mechanism is mounted at the top of the bucket; a stirring rod is fixed on the second driving mechanism; and the stirring rod extends into the bucket. According to the high-flexibility mechanized aquatic plant sampling device, an electric driving wheel is controlled to work through a control switch, and the electric driving wheel drives the rack to move, so as to move the sampling device to be close to a sampling area, thereby facilitating the movement, greatly improving the sampling flexibility, avoiding the trouble of manual carrying, and providing convenience for sampling work.