The invention discloses an uplink access method for distribution of lead codes for distinguishing the user priority in a TD-LTE/TD-LTE-A system. The unlink access method is a random access method for achieving different QoS services. The uplink access method includes the steps of (1) a lead code generation sorting stage; (2) a lead code distribution stage, wherein the lead codes are divided into the exclusive lead codes and the competitive lead codes for the first time; during secondary division, the competitive lead codes are divided into n groups according to the user group level number n, G1, G2, ...Gn-1 groups are the priority lead code groups and are used for backoff access of user groups corresponding to the priority lead code groups, and the Gn group is used for public access; an eNB enables the distribution scheme to be notified to all terminals in a broadcasting mode; (3) a random access stage, UE selects the front codes according to broadcast information to have access, a window does not receive any response in the waiting time, collision exists in the access, the terminals back off according to rules and reaccess is performed, and access fails when the maximum access time is exceeded. In random access based on competition, low delay and high throughout of high priority access can be guaranteed, and the requirements for different QoS services of the TD-LTE/TD-LTE-A system are met.