The invention relates to a management system based on water quantity information acquisition and pumping station group optimization. The system comprises a background analysis system and an in-situ control system; the background analysis system is responsible for backend data and instruction communication acquisition, data storage and business application and model algorithm of the whole system, wherein the business application includes water quantity information and water supply information acquisition, real-time water quantity scheduling, water quantity statistics analysis, operation schemeevaluation and feedback adjustment, and the model algorithm includes a water demand model, a prediction model, a water flow evolution model, a water quantity distribution model, a scheme evaluation model, a pumping station group optimized scheduling model and a single-pump optimized scheduling model. With the system of the invention adopted, the efficiency of a single pumping station and all pumping stations of a pumping station group can be improved, energy consumption is reduced, labor costs and risks are reduced, and the social and economic benefits of the operation of the pumping station group can be improved.