The invention relates to a bi-phase anisotropic medium reservoir parametric inversion method based on a niche master-slave parallel genetic algorithm. According to the method, the niche master-slave parallel genetic algorithm is used for solving bi-phase anisotropic medium reservoir parameters, the core ideology includes that a system comprises a master processor and a plurality of slave processors, the master processor monitors a whole population, at a fitness calculation stage, the master processor distributes calculation of the fitness to all slave processors, collects results after calculation and then performs operations such as niche elimination, selection, cross and variation to generate a new generation of population so as to finish one circulation, and the calculation efficiency of reservoir parametric inversion is improved greatly. According to the method, a concept of sharing degree is introduced in the reservoir parameter evolution solving process, substantial growth of some individuals are limited through adjustment of the fitness of each individual, niche evolution environments are created, and the capacity for solving multiple-peak reservoir parametric inversion optimization problems and the solving quality through the genetic algorithm are improved. The bi-phase medium parametric inversion method is widely applied to parametric inversion processes of oil and gas reservoirs.