The invention discloses a hob state intelligent monitoring method of a numerical control hobbing machine. The method comprises the following steps that S1, B-axis vibration signals are collected in real time; S2, data segmentation is conducted on the B-axis vibration signals; S3, a hob state standard sample set X is constructed, and a simple initial feature vector f0 is extracted; S4, a hob statemutual K neighbor graph G is constructed, and feature selection is carried out to form a sample feature vector f; and S5, a hob state feature matrix F is constructed, a fuzzy similarity relation matrix R is built, a transmission closure t(R) is constructed and clustering analysis is carried out, and hob state recognition is realized. According to the method, the hob state mutual k neighbor graph is constructed, main shaft vibration signal processing of the numerical control hobbing machine is combined with an atlas theory, on-line real-time monitoring of the hob state can be realized, so thatthe hob replacement and the blade grinding can be carried out in time, expansion cracks and hob teeth fractures are avoided, the dependence on professional skills of operators can be reduced, and theintelligent process of the numerical control hobbing machine can be promoted.