The invention discloses a traffic information processing system and device for information security, and a storage medium. The system comprises a vehicle end and a center end. The vehicle end comprises a data acquisition module, a local processing module, a local storage module, a federated learning module, a judger, a communication module and a man-machine interaction module; and the center end comprises a federated learning center module and a communication module. According to the system, a federated learning mode is adopted, traffic information collected by a sensor is better processed, user privacy is protected while the number of data is increased, an overall model recognition level and a vehicle control level are improved, and an information security level is increased. According tothe invention, privacy-safe federated learning and encryption operation are adopted to protect privacy so that images acquired by the intelligent vehicle cannot be sent to the center end, and the privacy of a user is protected. In the invention, the user participates in confirmation and labeling of data arrangement and result analysis, the improved model is detected, a detection result asks the user to confirm, and the recognition level of the model and the vehicle control level are increased.