The invention provides a retractable water surface garbage cleaning ship, which includes a gathering mechanism, a transmission mechanism, a garbage bin, a buoy, a telescopic mechanism, an operating console and a main hull. These components form a stable water surface garbage cleaning platform. When the whole ship is unfolded, The gathering mechanism slides downwards, the gathering net unfolds outwards, the transmission mechanism rotates downwards, the telescopic mechanism unfolds, and the buoy moves downwards to both sides at the same time, the transverse dimension becomes larger, which improves the stability of the ship. Sliding upward, the gathering net rotates inward, the transmission mechanism rotates upward, the telescopic mechanism is retracted, the pontoon moves inward, the transverse dimension of the whole ship becomes smaller, and the space utilization rate is reduced; the unloading door of the garbage bin is located at the bottom for easy unloading, and the garbage bin The built-in crushing device improves efficiency and reduces waste space occupation. The garbage cleaning ship of the present invention has variable lateral dimensions, beautiful appearance, can be operated remotely or manually, has good garbage cleaning effect, and has important popularization value.