The invention discloses a ventilation and heat dissipation structure of an internal battery of a new energy automobile and a working method thereof. The structure comprises a shell, a protection plate, a sliding rod, a fan, a water tank cover, a temperature detector, a water tank, a cooler, a top plate, a battery body, a water pump, a limiting plate, a limiting block, a limiting spring, a baffle,a slideway, a limiting rod, a supporting plate, a telescopic spring and a placement plate, wherein a mounting groove is formed in the top of the shell; the top plate is arranged at the top of the shell; the top plate is positioned in the mounting groove; one end of the top plate penetrates through the side wall of the shell and is exposed in the air; the fan is arranged in the shell; and heat dissipation holes are equidistantly arranged in two corresponding side walls of the shell. Water in the water tank is sequentially conveyed into a refrigerator, a guide pipe and a water conveying hole through the water pump, so that the water in the water tank forms cold circulation to cool the battery body, the safety of the device is improved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.