The invention relates to the technical field of heat energy power, in particular to a stepped steam generation device based on an ultrahigh-temperature heat pump, which comprises a high-temperature heat pump subsystem, a steam generation subsystem and a low-quality heat recovery subsystem, the high-temperature heat pump subsystem comprises a compressor, a motor, a high-temperature and high-pressure steam generator, a high-temperature heat regenerator, a medium-temperature and medium-pressure steam generator, a medium-temperature heat regenerator, a low-temperature heater, a low-temperature expansion machine, a low-temperature heat absorber and a medium-temperature heat absorber; the motor is connected with the compressor. Therefore, expansion work of a compressed gas working medium is effectively utilized, the temperature of an inlet of the low-temperature expansion machine is effectively reduced, the temperature of an outlet of the low-temperature expansion machine in the system is low, low-pressure steam condensation phase change heat absorption is achieved, low-temperature water is generated for storage and standby application, and multi-stage stepped energy storage is achieved. The steam turbine outlet dead steam energy is recycled to the maximum degree, and economic benefits are improved.