The invention discloses a starch emulsifier. The starch emulsifier comprises, by weight, 30-40 parts of starch, 30-6 parts of an emulsifier, 0.1-0.4 part of amylase, 1-3 parts of a slow solvent, 0.5-2.0 parts of a catalyst, 4-8 parts of chloroacetic acid, 1-3 parts of a neutralizer and water. A preparation method of the starch emulsifier comprises the following steps: mixing the starch, the emulsifier, amylase and water to obtain starch milk, heating, adding the slow solvent and the catalyst, adding chloroacetic acid, fully reacting, and regulating the pH value of the system by using the neutralizer to obtain the starch emulsifier. The invention also provides an anionic AKD surface sizing agent. The anionic AKD surface sizing agent is prepared by the following steps: mixing the starch emulsifier and water, heating, adding the AKD raw powder under high-speed stirring, adding the obtained mixture into a high-pressure homogenizer, and homogenizing, cooling and discharging the mixture. Theanionic AKD surface sizing agent has excellent compatibility with an anionic auxiliary agent, and can remarkably reduce the water absorption value, improve the surface strength of paper and effectively improves the printability.