The invention discloses an anti-lost detection and navigation method and system based on micro-environmental perception through Bluetooth. The system comprises a mobile phone which supports Bluetooth 4.0 and is not limited in operating system as well as an anti-lost device based on SensorTag. All that is required is to use the mobile phone and the SensorTag, install an App and set little configuration, whether an article is lost can be determined through communication between the mobile phone and the anti-lost device, an anti-lost strategy is formulated through micro-environmental perception performed by a sensor of the anti-lost device, an accelerometer, a compass, a gyroscope and other equipment on the mobile phone side are used to trace tracks of a user, and accordingly, the lost article is found in a reverse process. The whole process is automatically finished and the user does not need to participate intentionally, and no behavior of the user is interfered. The whole process is quick and effective, and the user does not need to worry. According to the method, different schemes are adopted in different situations, the equipment cost is reduced, unnecessary noise is avoided, the situation that other people take the article away after hearing an alarm is avoided, the searching difficulty is greatly reduced, and the accuracy is increased.