The invention discloses a transformer substation reconstruction and extension violation behavior intelligent identification method based on meta-learning, and the method comprises the steps: firstly, collecting a picture, constructing a difficult sample, completing the marking of a scene, forming a small sample data set, pre-training a YOLOv5 model on an ImageNet data set through employing a meta-learning method, and carrying out the fine adjustment on the collected small sample data set, and obtaining a final YOLOv5 model; secondly, deploying the trained YOLOv5 model to a mobile terminal, and completing the recognition of detection objects such as operating personnel, construction equipment, power transmission and transformation equipment and the like; and finally, setting a virtual electronic fence in a self-adaptive manner according to construction operation requirements, and carrying out intelligent recognition and alarm on boundary-crossing violation behaviors of personnel and machines based on the set virtual fence. The method is different from traditional physical fence and other types of virtual electronic fence technologies, not only can ground violation behaviors be effectively identified, but also high-altitude border-crossing violation behaviors can be identified, and the method is flexible in deployment, simple in operation, high in real-time performance and good in reusability.