50 results about "Bridge Collapses" patented technology

The invention discloses a regional bridge risk prediction method and system. The method comprises. The method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting the basic information of all bridges in a region; S2, screening out a bridge needing risk prediction based on the basic information; S3, dividing the bridges needing risk prediction into different risk prediction levels according to the basic information of the bridges; wherein different risk prediction levels correspond to different risk prediction periods; S4, preliminarily determining disaster-causing factors for bridge collapse evaluation; S5, screening the preliminarily determined disaster-causing factors to obtain main disaster-causing factors influencing bridge collapse; S6, training and generating a plurality of bridge collapserisk prediction models based on the main disaster-causing factors; S7, selecting the risk prediction model with the best performance as a final risk prediction model; and S8, performing bridge collapse risk prediction on the to-be-predicted bridge. According to the invention, the risk prediction of the regional bridge is realized, the realization cost is low, the coverage is wide, the processing efficiency is high, and the safety of the bridge is improved.

The invention discloses a demolition blasting method for a prestress concrete cantilever trussed arch bridge. The demolition blasting method comprises the following steps: an energy-gathering line cutting blasting method is adopted; firstly, all prestress anchor cable reinforcing steel bars and lower chord girder reinforcing steel bars in a main hole pin section on the main arch of the bridge are cut at the same time; the dose of the thread-loaded explosive of an energy-gathering explosive bag for cutting the pre-stress anchor cable reinforcing steel bars is 40g / cm; a multi-point water pressure blasting method is adopted for demolishing supporting stand columns and arch support stand columns on the piers of the bridge and a hollow body of an edge hole steel structure beam; water pressure explosive bag groups are arranged according to the required positions and heights of cutting openings based on the bridge collapse technology; and the arch top of the bridge and a solid body section between the two edge hole steel structure beams close to a bridge abutment are demolished by a drilling blasting method. By virtue of the above method, the steel structure beam, the arch support stand columns and the plier stand columns are completely demolished, the concrete is crashed and separated, and the bridge is collapsed in an unstable state.

The invention relates to the field of beam settlement observation equipment, in particular to bridge settlement observation equipment which comprises a fixing pipe, a connecting structure, an observation structure, an alarm structure, a mounting structure, a limiting structure and a supporting structure. Through the arrangement of the observation structure, the settlement condition of the bridge can be accurately observed through a simple structure, so that the settlement value of the bridge can be known in time, the bridge can be maintained in time, the damage condition of the bridge is avoided; and through cooperation with the arrangement of the alarm structure, when the bridge is settled to a preset value, alarm sounds are made timely; and thus the workers are informed of maintenance timely to avoid the bridge collapse risk. The observation assembly and the fixing pipe can be mounted and dismounted quickly and conveniently by arranging the connecting structure between the fixing pipe and the observation structure, so that manpower can be saved, and fixing can be firm. And the mounting structure is arranged, and supporting and fixing of the monitoring assembly can be achieved.

The invention discloses a bridge load limit fast monitoring system based on dynamic deflection. The bridge load limit fast monitoring system comprises a bridge dynamic deflection monitoring device used for real-time monitoring of bridge inclination; a vehicle information acquisition device used for monitoring and identifying information related to vehicles passing a bridge; a data processing device used for calculating maximum concave downward deflection values, comparing the maximum concave downward deflection values with a bridge safety design deflection allowable value, and sending alarming information at the same time; an over-limit information alarming device used for displaying the information related to the over-limit vehicles according to the alarming information; a data remote transmitting device used for transmitting data related to the over-limit vehicles; and a data remote receiving device used for receiving the information related to the over-limit vehicles, and storing the data. The bridge load limit fast monitoring system is advantageous in that fast installation is realized without requiring blocking of traffic; the actual bearing capability of the bridge is not required to be detected and evaluated in advance; the bridge load limit fast monitoring system is used for load limit monitoring of old highway bridges or damaged highway bridges in meizoseismal areas, and occurrence of bridge collapse accidents is reduced.

The invention discloses a bridge pier crack nondestructive detection device, and belongs to the nondestructive detection technical field. The device includes a detection node arranged at each pier, a remote monitoring center and a communication module, wherein the remote monitoring center and the detection nodes are in information transmission through the communication module, the detection nodes are each provided with a piezoelectric sensor, a signal generator, a low-frequency vibration exciter, a high-frequency vibration exciter and a signal acquisition system. The device can real-timely detect appearing or non-appearing of cracks of the piers and the cracking degree of the cracks, performs real-time early warning and takes protective measures in time, and avoids bridge collapse accidents from appearing.

The invention discloses a bridge pier impact force monitoring device. The bridge pier impact force monitoring device comprises a liquid level sensor used for acquiring data of the water level of a river channel, a flow velocity sensor used for acquiring data of the flow velocity of river water, a data acquisition circuit used for acquiring data of the liquid level sensor and data of the flow velocity sensor, and a control circuit used for analyzing and processing the data and having control over an alarm circuit. The bridge pier impact force monitoring device detects impact force of the river water, and gives an alarm when the impact force reaches the limit of the bearing capacity of a bridge, and the situation that because a bridge collapses, lives and properties of people are threatened is avoided.

The invention relates to the field of bridge detection, and discloses a Beidou satellite-based bridge monitoring system and an arrangement method thereof. A plurality of Beidou GNSS base stations, a data processing system and an arrangement method of the Beidou GNSS base stations are included, and data acquired by the Beidou GNSS base stations can be sent to the data processing system for calculation and induction to obtain bridge deformation data. The system and method have the following advantages and effects that the three-dimensional positioning data of the bridge floor monitoring points of the railway bridge are obtained through signals of the Beidou satellite, the three-dimensional positioning data are calibrated by means of mutual distance measurement between Beidou GNSS base stations, and finally the deformation condition of the railway bridge is obtained by summarizing the obtained three-dimensional positioning data through the data processing system. The deformation condition of the bridge can be continuously monitored, early warning can be carried out at the early stage of bridge damage, and the danger of bridge collapse is greatly avoided.

The invention provides an overweight vehicle driving state risk early warning method and system based on structure monitoring. The method carries out the risk dynamic recognition and early warning through the fusion analysis of the attribute and state information of an overweight vehicle and the bridge structure state monitoring data. Damage of overweight vehicles to a bridge structure, traffic interruption and blockage caused by the overweight vehicles and bridge collapse accidents can be effectively prevented or reduced to the maximum extent, and the driving safety of the overweight vehiclesis improved.

A multifunctional logistical support vehicle comprises a vehicle body and a carriage, wherein a cooking utensils and a medical device are arranged in the carriage; a throwing device is arranged at the rear part of the carriage; and the throwing device can realize throwing of emergency relief supplies within a distance of 200-1000 m. The logistical support vehicle can realize normal supply of logistical supports such as daily meals, medicals and so on; and moreover, when roads in disaster areas having earthquakes, flood disasters, wars and so on are cut off and vehicles and rescue workers cannot reach the scene of the disaster, the throwing device can be used for throwing the emergency relief supplies, such as foods, drinking water, drugs and so on, within the distance of 200-1000 m. Practice has proved that the logistical support vehicle can play an extremely convenient and effective rescue effect in similar environments with bridge collapses in flood disasters and materials in urgent need, such as vaccines, drinking water and the like, in disaster environments are rapidly and effectively thrown.

The invention discloses a cable bent tower and a leaning tower cable-stayed bridge. The cable bent tower comprises a first tower column, a second tower column and a tower base, wherein the first towercolumn is mutually connected with the second tower column, and the first tower column and the second tower column are installed on the tower base. One or more installation holes are formed in the first tower column and used for a stayed cable to penetrate in; one or more first cable fixing pieces and one or more second cable fixing pieces are arranged on the second tower column. By adding the first tower column and connecting the first tower column with the second tower column, when the stayed cable produces a tension force towards the middle of a main beam on the second tower column, the first tower column can produce a supporting force in the opposite direction on the second tower column so as to nullify the tension force of the stayed cable on the second tower column, the stress of thecable bent tower is more balanced and stable, the problem that the stress of a traditional cable bent tower is not balanced to cause bridge collapse is effectively solved, and then the cable-stayed bridge is safe and reliable.

The invention discloses a method and a device for traffic alarming after a bridge collapses, and relates to a traffic alarming technology. The device comprises a power supply (A), a current limiting resistor (B), a caution light (C), a horn (D) and a monitoring lead wire (E) arranged below the bridge, wherein the monitoring lead wire (E) is connected in series with the power supply (A) and the current limiting resistor (B); and the caution light (C) and the horn (D) are connected in parallel with the monitoring lead wire (E). The method is an effective, quick and practical method for the traffic alarming after the bridge collapses; and the device has the advantages of simple structure, easy implementation and low maintenance cost. The invention can avoid serious accident and heavy casualties caused by vehicles moving on after the bridge collapses, and is applicable to the traffic alarming after all bridge collapse.

The invention relates to an embedded bridge health monitoring system which is used for assisting in bridge maintenance work and monitoring old-bridge health conditions in real time. The embedded bridge health monitoring system comprises 3G wireless modules, industrial control mainframes, collection cards and sensors; a communication conversion module is connected between each industrial control mainframe and the corresponding collection card, each 3G wireless module is connected with the corresponding industrial control mainframe, each industrial control mainframe is connected with the corresponding communication conversion module, each communication conversion module is connected with the corresponding collection card, and each collection card is connected with the output end of the corresponding sensor. A CAN bus communication mode is adopted between the industrial control mainframes and the communication conversion modules, a 485 communication mode is adopted between the communication conversion modules and the collection cards, and a two-mainframe construction mode is adopted by the monitoring system. The embedded bridge health monitoring system has the prominent advantages that by means of the system, continuity, orderliness and accuracy of monitoring system data can be guaranteed, stable operation of the system can be better guaranteed, and therefore serious consequences caused by bridge collapse events are avoided.

The invention provides a bridge overload management device and method. The device comprises a vehicle weight collection module, a weight calculation module and a traffic light control module. The vehicle weight collection module is used for obtaining vehicle weight information and vehicle number information from an installed weight collection device. The weight calculation module is used for obtaining a final weight value according to the vehicle weight information and the vehicle number information. The traffic light control module is used for comparing the final weight value with a preset weight threshold N1 and controlling a green light to turn into a red light to prohibit vehicles from passing if the final weight value is greater than or equal to the preset weight threshold N1. According to the invention, the total weight of vehicles on a bridge can be effectively controlled within the bearing range of a bridge body, and meanwhile, overloaded vehicles or suspected vehicles can be snapshot and monitored, and bridge collapse accidents caused by overweight vehicles can be prevented.

The invention relates to a road and bridge collapse deformation measuring device, comprising laser light reflecting plates and laser range finders. The front-back direction is defined as the X direction, the left-right direction is defined as the Y direction, and the up-down direction is defined as the Z direction. The laser light reflecting plates comprise a first reflector plate that is disposedperpendicular to a plane in which the X direction and the Y direction are located and is disposed obliquely to a plane in which the X direction and the Z direction are located. The laser light reflecting plate further comprises a second reflector plate that is disposed perpendicular to a plane in which the X direction and the Z direction are located and is disposed obliquely to a plane in which the X direction and the Y direction are located. The laser range finders comprises a first laser range finder corresponding to the first reflector plate and a second laser range finder corresponding tothe second reflector plate. The first laser range finder and the second laser range finder comprise laser emitting ends and laser receiving ends used for receiving the laser light reflected by the corresponding reflector plate. According to the road and bridge collapse deformation measuring device, the problems that the deformation measuring device in the prior art has many components and does not have a three-dimensional direction deformation measurement are solved.

The invention discloses a damping bridge structure which comprises arc-shaped elastic steel plates and energy-dissipation dampers. The tops of the arc-shaped elastic steel plates are installed inside grooves formed in a bridge body, elastic columns and high-energy springs are alternatively connected inside the arc-shaped elastic steel plates, the upper ends of the energy-dissipation dampers are connected with the bottoms of the arc-shaped elastic steel plates, the lower ends of the energy-dissipation dampers are connected with lead core rubber blocks, the lead core rubber blocks are arranged inside limiting spaces, the limiting spaces are formed in grooves of bridge piers, limiting blocks are installed at two ends of each limiting space, steel balls are installed at the bottoms of the lead core rubber blocks and the limiting spaces, and moving cavities are reserved between the lead core rubber blocks and the limiting blocks. Part of energy produced by a bridge body of the damping bridge structure in fierce shaking when an earthquake occurs is absorbed through deformation of the arc-shaped elastic steel plates, so that bridge collapse does not occur.

The invention relates to a pin hole type bridge collapse-preventing device and belongs to the field of bridge construction. The pin hole type bridge collapse-preventing device comprises a fixed end component, a moveable end component and a limiting component, wherein the fixed end component is composed of a fixed end steel plate and a fixed end connector; the fixed end steel plate is made of opening type channel steel; the fixed end connector is a pin lug type opening connector and is welded with the fixed end steel plate; the moveable end component is composed of a moveable end steel plate and a moveable end connector; an opening type flat steel plate is arranged as the moveable end steel plate; the moveable end connector is a pin lug type opening connector and is welded with the moveable end steel plate; the limiting component is composed of a first-order shear-pin, a first-order nut, a first-order gasket, a second-order shear-pin, a second-order nut and a second-order gasket. The pin hole type bridge collapse-preventing device has the advantages of clear conception, clear principle and simple manufacturing, can be mounted on the components on two sides of a bridge expansion joint and is used for reducing the bridge collapse probability under the action of earthquake.

The invention provides a finite-element-analysis based visual simulation method and system for bridge collapse, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring bridge model data, bridge distortion data and failure element data through finite element analysis; creating a bridge visual model having a sense of reality according to the bridge model data; implementing bridge collapse distortion animation of a callback mechanism by using the bridge distortion data; creating a fragment graph model on the basis of the failure element data; creating an efficient fragment calculation model according to the fragment graph model; updating the fragment graph model in real time according to the data calculated by a fragment to form fragment motion animation; and combining the bridge distortion animation with the fragment motion animation to form a complete bridge collapse visual simulation process. According to the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the bridge collapse visual simulation has complete fragment information, the graph incompleteness caused by a failure element in the finite element analysis is made up, and the visual simulation process has good sense of reality and real-time performance.

The invention discloses an intelligent bridge settlement detection system. The system is characterized in that the system is composed of a bridge settlement parameter detection platform based on a wireless sensor network and a bridge settlement early warning system. The bridge settlement parameter detection platform based on the wireless sensor network detects and predicts bridge settlement parameters. The bridge settlement early warning system is composed of a bridge settlement interval number neural network model, a bridge settlement prediction model and an interval number bridge settlementgrade classifier. According to the invention, the problem in the prior art that bridge settleability parameters are monitored only by equipment is effectively solved; only the bridge settlement parameters are obtained, the bridge settlement parameters are not processed according to the characteristics of nonlinearity, large lag, complex change and the like of the bridge settlement parameters, andthe problem that the service condition of a bridge is effectively predicted according to the influence of bridge settlement on bridge collapse deformation is solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of security detection early warning for road traffic bridges, in particular to a security early-warning prompting system for bridges, which comprises a power supply module, an alarm circuit module and a voice, sound and light alarm device, wherein the power supply module consists of a storage battery module and a solar generating set; the anode output end and cathode output end of the solar generating set are connected with the anode input end and cathode input end of the storage battery module; the output end of the storage battery module is connected with a direct-current / direct-current (DC / DC) voltage conversion module; the output end of the DC / DC voltage conversion module is connected with an induction line open circuit comparison circuit and the alarm circuit module respectively; and the alarm circuit module is connected with the voice, sound and light alarm device. In the security early-warning prompting system, the induction line open circuit comparison circuit is adopted, so the early-warning prompting function of collapse accidents of the bridges can be better realized, and the sound and light alarm prompting function during bridge collapse can be realized. The system has a simple structure, and is stable and reliable and convenient to expand.

The invention discloses a detection barrier gate with a vehicle weight limiting function, and relates to the technical field of barrier gates. The barrier gate comprises a weight detection device, a height limiting device, a disinfection device, a first barrier plate, a deceleration strip, a second interception device and a barrier gate device. In order to solve the problems of bridge collapse and casualties caused by overweight and superelevation of existing vehicles, the weight detection device, the height limiting device, the first barrier plate and the barrier gate device are arranged, passing vehicles are detected one by one through the weight detection device, when the vehicles are overweight, the first barrier plate pops up from the ground, a voice prompt is given out, overweight vehicles are prohibited from getting on the bridge, and the safety of the bridge is guaranteed; and the deceleration strip and the second interception device are arranged, when the vehicle does not hear dissuasion and hard rushing, the second intercepting device pops up from the ground, an intercepting blade punctures vehicle tires, and the overweight vehicle is forced to stop.

The invention discloses a bridge construction semi-active shock absorber capable of resisting the impact of an earthquake force on buildings. The semi-active shock absorber comprises a top plate, a supporting base, a fixing base and a base; a first supporting block is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the top plate, a first spring is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first supporting block, and a first buffer layer is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the first spring; the lower surface of the first buffer layer is fixedly connected with a second spring, and the lower surface of the second spring is fixedly connected with a second buffer layer. According to the invention, the bridge is buffered and damped for the first time through the protection pad on the upper surface of the top plate, and the quality of the top plate is enhanced through a PORON layer, an aerated concrete layer, a reactive powder concrete layer and arubber layer in the top plate; meanwhile, the buffering and damping capacity of the top plate is enhanced, the force from the ground is effectively buffered through the arrangement of a first buffering cushion, a steel plate and a second buffering cushion in the base, and the situation that the bridge collapses due to the fact that the bridge supporting columns are damaged by earthquakes is prevented.

The invention discloses a truss type rear column structure and foundation for a boarding bridge. The truss type rear column structure and foundation are used for mounting a rotation platform of the boarding bridge and supporting various loads of the boarding bridge. The rotation platform is connected with a rotation bearing and a truss type rear column upper flange through a bottom flange. Four guide tubes on the lower portion of a truss type rear column are subjected to grouting to be connected integrally with four steel tube piles which are sunk into the foundation respectively after the position of the truss type rear column is determined and the truss type rear column is adjusted to be horizontal. The invention further discloses a construction method for the truss type rear column structure and foundation for the boarding bridge. Compared with prior rear column foundations for boarding bridges, the truss type rear column structure and foundation have the advantages of being easy to produce, convenient to mount, low in engineering cost and capable of eliminating technical risks of boarding bridge collapse caused by brittle failure of foundation bolts.

A system and method for controlling transportation traffic signal beacons including powering a signal, encoding a signal state, and decoding the signal state at the beacon is presented. Furthermore, traffic signal beacons may be placed along the length of a bridge to warn of a bridge collapse. The metallic cable that powers the beacons may also function as a bridge collapse detection sensor.

The present invention discloses an overweight dynamic detection system. The overweight dynamic detection system comprises a buoyancy gauge, a thermometer, a wind gauge, a rainfall detector, a cabinet, a variable information board and a weight detector; the cabinet includes an information receiving unit, an information processing unit and an information transmitting unit which are all in circuit connection with one another; the information receiving unit is used for receiving acquired real-time data; the information processing unit is used for obtaining the overweight information of a bridge based on the acquired real-time data; and the information transmitting unit is used for transmitting the overweight information to the available information board for displaying the overweight information. The invention also discloses an overweight dynamic detection method. With the overweight dynamic detection system and method of the invention adopted, the weight limit value of the bridge can be calculated in real time according to weather data, bridge deformation data and so on, overweight vehicles can be warned timely, the health status of the bridge can be effectively maintained, and the bridge can be prevented from being damaged. The overweight dynamic detection system and method are of great significance for decreasing bridge collapse, ensuring the safety of drivers and decreasing traffic accidents.

The invention discloses safety airbag equipment capable of coping with sudden dangers of a bridge. The safety airbag equipment comprises a bridge pier wall; a support frame is fixedly arranged outsidethe bridge pier wall; an air bag mechanism is arranged on the support frame; the air bag mechanism comprises a box body; an air bag cavity with an upward opening is formed in the upper end face of the box body; a large switch is arranged on the left side of the box body; the large switch is connected with a right side inflating equipment; the inflating equipment is fixedly arranged in the air bagcavity; air bags are arranged in the air bag cavity. According to the invention, vehicles which are about to fly out of the bridge due to wrong driving on the bridge can be protected in time, the airbags can be triggered in time to fill the gap when the bridge collapses partially, coming and going vehicles can be effectively prevented from falling into holes, and the equipment can be temporarilyused as a bridge floor for the vehicles to pass through.

The invention provides an adjustable single-pile foundation for a boarding bridge rear pillar. The adjustable single-pile foundation is used for mounting a rotating platform of a boarding bridge and further supporting all sorts of loads of the boarding bridge. The rotating platform is connected with a slewing bearing and an upper flange of the rear pillar through a bottom flange. The rear pillar is connected with a supporting flange of an adjusting pillar through a lower flange. After the position of the adjusting pillar is determined and the adjusting pillar is adjusted to be horizontal, theadjusting pillar and a single pile can be connected into a whole through grouting treatment. The invention further discloses a construction method of the adjustable single-pile foundation for the boarding bridge rear pillar. Compared with an existing boarding bridge rear pillar foundation, the mounting process is simple, engineering cost is low, and the technical risks of boarding bridge collapsing caused by foundation bolt brittleness are eliminated.

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge detection and real-time online monitoring, and aims to provide an intelligent bridge support and system which comprise a top plate, a bottom plate and a rubber pad; the top plate and the bottom plate are oppositely arranged, the rubber pad is vertically connected between the top plate and the bottom plate, the side face of the rubber pad is sleeved with a steel ring, and a measuring module used for measuring the change condition of the bridge support is installed on the bottom face of the top plate. The self-sensing intelligent bridge support has the self-sensing function of monitoring the data condition and the health state of the bridge support, so that data and theoretical support are provided for life evaluation and daily maintenance of a bridge, measures can be taken in time to maintain the bridge, and the probability of bridge collapse accidents is reduced.

The invention discloses a vibration-isolating bridge, which includes a base, two piers and two first clamping blocks are arranged above the base, Between that two bridge pier are two said first card blocks, supporting blocks are arranged inside the two piers, A shock absorber is arranged above the two supporting blocks, two fixing blocks and a first damping spring are arranged inside the two shockabsorbers, two first damping springs are respectively positioned between two fixed blocks, A card slot is provided, first block, the bayonet and the second bayonet, A card slot is arranged on the first card block and the second card block, The inside of the clamping slot is clamped with the clamping column. When the pier cracks need to be repaired or replaced, the operator can clamp the clampingcolumn in the clamping slot through the external equipment, thus playing the role of strengthening the bridge, preventing the bridge from collapsing accidentally, and solving the problem that the bridge collapse will cause personal safety to the operator when the operator changes the pier.

The invention discloses a novel bridge construction anti-falling device which structurally comprises two protective shell covers, two baffles, fixing screw holes, a retractable limiting cavity, a deformable sliding rod, a fixing thread, a locking nut, a welding spacer, an initial end welding ring, a terminal welding ring, a strong spring, a fixing sleeve and an expansion and contraction movable joint. The protective shell covers are arranged on the outer side surfaces of the baffles correspondingly, and flange plates are arranged at an inner end openings of the protective shell covers; and thebaffles are evenly provided with the four fixing screw holes in a rectangular mode at equal intervals, and the fixing screw holes and the baffles are of an integrally-formed structure. The novel bridge construction anti-falling device has the beneficial effects that by enhancing the connecting firmness between the bridge construction anti-falling device and a bridge, the maximum bearable force ofthe device is increased, the bridge construction anti-falling device is protected, and the service life of the novel bridge construction anti-falling device is prolonged accordingly; and meanwhile, bridge collapse is effectively avoided, the bridge is protected, and thus the cost in the aspect of bridge maintenance is reduced.

The invention discloses a construction method for quickly breaking and dismantling a masonry arch bridge based on bridge deck cutting, which comprises the following steps of: 1, collecting or actually measuring structural parameters of the masonry arch bridge to be broken and dismantled, and acquiring span, rise, bridge deck pavement thickness, width and steel bar arrangement condition; step 2, cutting the to-be-broken masonry arch bridge deck, wherein the cutting position at least comprises bridge deck pavement right above an arch foot on one side; thirdly, a long-arm hook machine is adopted for breaking and dismantling an arch foot on the other side of the masonry arch bridge, and the whole span of the masonry arch bridge collapses and falls off; and fourthly, the collapsed and fallen masonry materials are cleared and transported, and masonry arch bridge forcible entry operation is completed. According to the method, the whole-span collapse can be realized, the masonry material is crushed into small blocks by utilizing the falling energy of the whole-span collapse, the quick breaking and removing and clearing are realized, the breaking and removing safety risk is reduced, the construction period is shortened to the greatest extent, the construction cost is reduced, and the interference and influence on the surrounding environment are reduced.