The invention provides an external prestress steel structure anchoring and steering system used for old bridge consolidation and a consolidation method thereof, which is a system applicable to prestress concrete old bridge maintenance and consolidation and a consolidation method thereof. The system comprises a steel structure anchoring system and a steel structure steering system, an anchor bold used for strengthened steel plate in the steel structure anchoring system is connected with a steel anchor box on the bridge span concrete surface of the old bridge, the steel anchor box comprises an anchor backing plate, a diaphragm plate, a stiffened steel plate, a force transfer steel plate and an external chain penetrating the steel pipe, etc. The steel structure steering system comprises a steel truss bracket and a steering gear, the steel truss bracket comprises an upper chord, a lower chord, a gusset plate, a diagonal rod, a vertical rod, a web member, a stiffened plate and a substrate steel plate, etc., the gusset plate, the stiffened plate and the substrate steel plate are connected with the bridge span concrete surface of the old bridge through the anchor bolt, the steering tube is externally sheathed with a traversing tube and an outer thimble, and a lead penetrates the center of the tube. The steering system has strong intensity, small volume and light weight; the system is organically connected with the old bridge and the problems of shear breakdown of the joint face and the after-shrinkage and creep do not exist; and the construction does not disrupt the traffic.