Methods and devices for selectively removing from a subject a target
cell,
pathogen, or
virus expressing a binding partner on its surface are presented. In one embodiment, the device contains an excorporeal circuit, which includes, at least, a
magnetic filter comprising a
magnet and a removable, magnetizable substrate capable of capturing magnetic
nanomaterials; and a pump in fluid communication with the
magnetic filter, wherein the pump moves fluid through the excorporeal circuit. The
magnet is capable of generating a
magnetic field sufficient to capture magnetic
nanomaterials in the
magnetic field. In a preferred embodiment, the target cells are
cancer cells and / or cells infected with pathogenic agents. The devices may be designed for
extracorporeal or
in vivo uses. Functionalized
superparamagnetic nanoparticles are either mixed
ex vivo with a
biological fluid from the patient or injected into the patient. Then the
biological fluid, which includes the nanoparticles is transported to the
magnetic filter to remove any nanoparticles that are complexed to the target cells, pathogens, or
virus, and any free nanoparticles. Optionally, the
functionalized nanoparticles contain and deliver a therapeutic agent. In one embodiment, the therapeutic agent is released when the
nanoparticle binds to the target cells, pathogens, or
virus.