The invention discloses a pulse and pneumatic assistance combination-based low-orbit orbit plane transfer method, relates to a large-range orbit plane transfer method for an earth low-orbit spacecraft, and belongs to the field of aerospace. The method comprises the steps of firstly establishing the number of orbits and a dynamic equation of a flight process in atmosphere; changing an orbit of the spacecraft to a highly elliptic orbit in a maneuvering manner by applying a pulse, and enabling the spacecraft to enter the atmosphere by applying an de-orbit pulse at an apogee; selecting an optimization target as a maximum change amount of an orbit plane, giving constraints and obtaining an optimal control rate and a terminal state variable meeting aerodynamic requirements, thereby finishing pneumatic assisted orbit plane transfer; and enabling the spacecraft to fly out of the atmosphere and run to a target orbit height along a transfer orbit, and enabling the spacecraft to enter a target orbit by applying an orbit determination pulse. According to the method, the orbit plane transfer of the low-orbit spacecraft can be finished with relatively low fuel consumption; and the method is good in robustness, high in repeatability, small in influence of spacecraft orbit orientation, high in flexibility of a pneumatic assistance process, and wide in application range for the target orbit.