The invention discloses an environmental stress screening test method and device, and aims at improving timeliness and effectiveness of environmental stress screening test. The method comprises that temperature stresses are applied according to a preset cycle index, and each time the temperature stress is applied, a first heating operation, a first high temperature maintaining operation, a second high temperature maintaining operation, a cooling operation, a first low temperature maintaining operation, a second low temperature maintaining operation and a second heating operation are executed successively; when the temperature stress is applied for the first time, a vibration stress is applied while the second high temperature maintaining operation and the second low temperature maintaining operation are executed; and each time the temperature stress is applied, an electric stress is applied. Thus, the environmental stress screening test can be completed in one test with once establishment of a test environment, three types of stresses are applied at the same time, defects in an integrated stress state can be screened, and the test timeliness and effectiveness are improved.