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38 results about "Eye height" patented technology

Eye height is a measure of the vertical opening of an eye diagram. An ideal eye opening would be measured from the one level to the zero level. However, noise on the eye will cause the eye to close. The eye height measurement determines eye closure due to noise.

LPDDR4X simulation method and system based on statistics theory

The invention relates to an LPDDR4X simulation method and system based on a statistics theory. The method comprises the steps that a single-byte BYTE time domain simulation platform used for simulating LPDDR4X signal transmission characteristics is constructed; routing delay analysis is carried out on packaging and PCB channels corresponding to each signal in the single-byte BYTE, time sequence inconsistency in signal transmission is captured, and then the influence of phase crosstalk noise on eye height is captured; carrying out pulse response analysis on the signal, and quantifying ISI noise basic data caused by packaging and a PCB channel; independently analyzing the influence of crosstalk noise on each signal to obtain direct influence data of noise on eye height; processing ISI noise basic data and direct influence data by utilizing an MATLAB script, and extracting a main cursor voltage value, an ISI noise amplitude and crosstalk noise; according to the main cursor voltage value, the ISI noise amplitude and the crosstalk noise, the final eye pattern eye height is calculated. According to the method, the problem that a traditional simulation method is insufficient in eye pattern height evaluation is solved, and more accurate and efficient simulation support can be provided for high-speed low-power-consumption DDR design.
Owner:SHENZHEN YIHUA CLOUD NETWORK TECH CO LTD

Method for correcting loss index through eye pattern ratio

The invention relates to a method for correcting a loss index through an eye diagram ratio. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring the minimum voltage amplitude of an input end and the minimum voltage amplitude of an output end of a target link; according to the minimum voltage amplitude of the input end and the minimum voltage amplitude of the output end, an initial loss value is calculated through a traditional loss formula; establishing a transmitting-receiving model to simulate and obtain the actual eye pattern height of a receiving end; calculating a proportionality coefficient of the actual eye height and the expected eye height; and correcting the initial loss value according to a proportionality coefficient to obtain a corrected loss value. According to the method, the initial loss value is calculated by using the traditional loss formula, passive simulation is performed on the target link to obtain the actual eye pattern height of the receiving end, and then the initial loss value is corrected according to the proportionality coefficient of the actual eye height and the expected eye height, so that the actual attenuation in the signal transmission process is considered; an indefinite loss index can be converted into an accurate and available loss value, and a reliable basis is provided for passive simulation.
Owner:EMDOOR ELECTRONICS TECH

Eye pattern search space optimization method and system and computer storage medium

The invention provides an eye pattern search space optimization method and system and a computer storage medium. The eye pattern search space optimization method comprises the steps of presetting an initial search space of a to-be-optimized circuit parameter; constructing an initial simulation case combination according to the initial search space; generating a plurality of simulation netlists and performing simulation to obtain corresponding eye pattern performance response values; establishing a second-order polynomial meta model according to the eye pattern performance response value and the circuit parameters; calculating an eye diagram performance response maximum value and a circuit parameter value corresponding to the eye diagram performance response maximum value; presetting a scaling coefficient, and updating the search space according to the eye pattern performance response maximum value and the corresponding circuit parameter value; and updating the simulation case combination according to the updated search space to carry out iterative calculation on the search space, and outputting an optimal search space. According to the scheme, the search range can be automatically focused on the potential optimal region, and the global optimal parameter combination for optimizing the eye height and eye width performance is accurately positioned with the minimum simulation times, so that the signal integrity judgment of the high-speed serial link is facilitated.
Owner:JULIN TECH (SHANGHAI) CO LTD

Method and device for adjusting navigation guide element and processor

The invention discloses a navigation guide element adjusting method and device and a processor. When the method provided by the embodiment of the invention is executed, light machine projection parameters of head-up display projection equipment in a target vehicle in a guiding state and the eye height of a driver are firstly collected; then, a visual perception area is determined based on light machine projection parameters and the eye height of a driver, so that a dynamic perception area is delimited; and finally, acquiring the number of opaque pixels (namely, opaque pixel values) and the total number of pixels in the standard rectangle and the total number of opaque pixels in the whole dynamic sensing area, and dynamically adjusting the line width of a navigation guide element projected by the head-up display projection equipment according to the indexes. By adjusting the line width of the navigation element, the coverage area of the opaque pixel can be effectively controlled, and excessive shielding of important information is avoided, so that the driving safety is improved.
Owner:NEUSOFT CORP

Image processing method and system for displaying back picture in real time

The application discloses an image processing method for displaying a back picture in real time, comprising the following steps: after a camera observes a human body, collecting and processing position information of a user relative to a display mirror, and outputting a distance of the human body from a screen; calling a camera to dynamically extract a back feature value of the human body by using the distance of the human body from the screen, fitting an eye height of the user, so as to determine a specific position of the camera; obtaining back image data of the user by using the camera, filling after human back contour recognition by using a human back recognition algorithm, obtaining processed picture information and transmitting the processed picture information to the display mirror, and displaying the processed back information picture on the screen. The application further discloses an image processing system for displaying a back picture in real time. The application solves the problem that a user is difficult to obtain a back picture in real time when facing the intelligent mirror group by using simple equipment combination and use, and has important production value and application space.
Owner:SUN YAT SEN UNIV

Dynamic PCI express output swing voltage tuning

According to one embodiment, a method, computer system, and computer program product for adjusting output swing voltage of a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) system is provided. The present invention may include training a neural network, recording, in real time, lane input data of PCIe lanes comprising a PCIe link, generating eye diagrams representing the PCIe lanes based on the lane input data, predicting, by the trained neural network, predicted eye heights for the PCIe lanes, and adjusting a current output swing voltage of one or more PCIe lanes based on the predicted eye heights.
Owner:INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINE CORPORATION

High-speed signal eye pattern test method and system based on automatic test equipment

The invention belongs to the technical field of high-speed data testing, and discloses a high-speed signal eye pattern testing method and system based on automatic testing equipment, and the method comprises the steps that a high-speed signal configuration vector is divided into a configuration section and an action section, the configuration section is used for rapidly configuring a testing environment, and the action section is used for controlling a testing action; in the action section, constructing a virtual clock as a reference Trigger signal, and synchronizing the virtual clock and a high-speed signal to be detected to the same sequence group; performing waveform capture on the synchronized high-speed signal to be detected, and generating a two-dimensional array formed by sampling time and level values; the two-dimensional array is processed by a difference peak-valley segmentation method, the eye height, the rising / falling time and the jitter are measured based on a processing result, automatic control, measurement and output of test data can be realized through testing of automatic test equipment, data analysis and processing are facilitated, the test efficiency is improved, and interference of human factors is avoided.
Owner:XIAN MICROELECTRONICS TECH INST

System and method for monitoring vehicle operation and driver behavior of engineering machinery vehicle

PendingCN122067228AAcquiring/recognising eyesAlarmsBlink frequencyIn vehicle
The invention discloses a public work mechanical vehicle operation and driver behavior monitoring system and method, and aims at solving the problem that in the operation process of a public work mechanical vehicle, the eye closing time is prolonged and the blinking frequency is reduced due to fatigue of a driver, and consequently misoperation is caused. A driver face video stream is collected; the embedded edge computing terminal is connected with the vehicle-mounted camera, performs eye key point detection on each frame of image and calculates an eye height ratio to obtain a fatigue trigger signal, and encapsulates a video stream and vehicle operation data into an event packet; the vehicle-mounted loudspeaker is connected with the embedded edge computing terminal and outputs voice warning in a cab according to the fatigue triggering signal; and the wireless communication module uploads the event packet to a ground server, and automatically enters a breakpoint resuming mode when the signal is interrupted.
Owner:HANGZHOU CHUANGLIAN ELECTRONICS TECH

DDR reference voltage parameter adjustment method, system, device and storage medium

The application discloses a DDR reference voltage parameter adjustment method, system, device and storage medium, the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a digital eye diagram of a read direction of a DDR memory and a corresponding eye height amplitude distribution; excluding invalid sampling points caused by register range limitation from sampling points of the digital eye diagram to obtain a set of valid sampling points; determining a target optimization region according to the eye height amplitude distribution of the set of valid sampling points; optimizing a read direction Vref value of the target optimization region, and synchronously adjusting a write direction Vref value and a terminal resistance parameter; compiling the read direction Vref value, the write direction Vref value and the terminal resistance parameter after adjustment into configuration code to write into a test program of a DDR memory controller; running the test program and obtaining an optimized digital eye diagram until the eye height of the optimized digital eye diagram meets a preset tolerance; and the application can avoid interference of invalid sampling points caused by register range limitation, and realize accurate determination of an optimal Vref parameter combination.
Owner:SHENZHEN JINGCUN TECH CO LTD

Vehicle regulation control method and system, computer equipment and storage medium

The invention provides a vehicle adjustment control method and system, computer equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining an internal image of a vehicle, and carrying out the detection and recognition of the internal image of the vehicle, and obtaining a first body parameter of a target person; the sitting posture eye height of the target person is calculated based on the two-eye center coordinates, the seat height and the seat backrest angle of the target person at the current moment; according to the sitting posture eye height, the gender and the age of the target person, performing fitting to obtain a second body parameter of the target person; and target parts in the vehicle are adjusted and controlled according to the second body parameters, wherein the target parts comprise at least one of a seat, a steering wheel and a rearview mirror. For the adjustment of the seat, the steering wheel, the rearview mirror and the like of the vehicle, a user does not need to set or register in advance, personalized adjustment can be automatically provided for any user, and the non-inductive interaction experience of the intelligent cabin is truly realized, so that automatic adjustment can be completed when the user gets on the vehicle for the first time, and the experience of the user on the intelligent cabin is remarkably improved.
Owner:CHONGQING SELIS PHOENIX INTELLIGENT INNOVATION TECH CO LTD

DDR reference voltage parameter adjustment method, system and device and storage medium

The invention discloses a DDR reference voltage parameter adjusting method, system and device and a storage medium. The method comprises the steps that a digital eye pattern in the DDR memory reading direction and corresponding eye height amplitude distribution are obtained; eliminating invalid sampling points due to the range limitation of the register from the sampling points of the digital eye diagram to obtain an effective sampling point set; determining a target optimization area according to the eye height amplitude distribution of the effective sampling point set; optimizing a read direction Vref level value of the target optimization area, and synchronously adjusting a write direction Vref level value and a terminal resistance parameter; compiling the read direction Vref value, the write direction Vref value and the terminal resistance parameter which are adjusted and determined into configuration codes, and writing the configuration codes into a test program of the DDR memory controller; running the test program and obtaining the optimized digital eye diagram until the eye height of the optimized digital eye diagram meets a preset tolerance; according to the method and the device, ineffective sampling point interference caused by register range limitation can be avoided, and accurate determination of the optimal Vref parameter combination is realized.
Owner:SHENZHEN JINGCUN TECH CO LTD

An eye diagram search space optimization method, system and computer storage medium

The application provides an eye diagram search space optimization method, system and computer storage medium, comprising: presetting an initial search space of a circuit parameter to be optimized; constructing an initial simulation case combination according to the initial search space; generating several simulation net tables and performing simulation to obtain corresponding eye diagram performance response values; establishing a second-order polynomial meta-model according to the eye diagram performance response values and the circuit parameter; calculating an eye diagram performance response maximum value and a corresponding circuit parameter value; presetting a scaling coefficient and updating the search space according to the eye diagram performance response maximum value and the corresponding circuit parameter value; updating the simulation case combination according to the updated search space to perform iterative calculation of the search space, and outputting an optimal search space. The scheme can automatically focus the search range on a potential optimal area, accurately locate a global optimal parameter combination that optimizes the eye height and eye width performance with the least simulation times, and is further beneficial to signal integrity judgment of a high-speed serial link.
Owner:JULIN TECH (SHANGHAI) CO LTD

Ophthalmic surgical system for treating an eye and method for providing intraocular pressure information and / or patient eye height information by means of an ophthalmic surgical system

PCT designated stageWO2026041451A1Eye surgeryMedical devicesEye heightReoperative surgery
The invention relates to an ophthalmic surgical system (1) for treating an eye (2), and to a method. The ophthalmic surgical system (1) comprises a pressure sensor (12) which determines pressure information describing at least a pressure exerted by a treatment fluid on the pressure sensor (12) and, in the event of a handpiece (9) or infusion element at least partially inserted into the eye (2), a pressure exerted on the pressure sensor (12) by an intraocular pressure of the eye (2). A time curve (30) of the pressure information is determined and analysed to ascertain whether a pressure information increase (31) can be detected in which the pressure information increases in stages from a first pressure information (32) to a second pressure information (33), wherein a pressure information difference (34) between the two items of pressure information (32, 33) is greater than a specified minimum value (36). If the pressure information increase (31) has been detected, patient eye height information (38) and / or intraocular pressure information (37) is determined and provided by applying an evaluation algorithm (42) to the first pressure information (32) and / or the second pressure information (33).
Owner:CARL ZEISS MEDITEC AG

Signal Processing Method, Apparatus, Electronic Device, and Storage Medium

Embodiments of the present application disclose a signal processing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium, relating to the field of electronic technologies. Among them, the method includes: obtaining a pulse signal output according to an input signal; extracting a plurality of target post-cursor signals from the pulse signal based on a preset rule; obtaining the value of each target post-cursor signal among the plurality of target post-cursor signals; obtaining a comprehensive judgment value of a multi-bit post-cursor signal based on the plurality of target post-cursor signals and the value of each target post-cursor signal; adjusting a linear continuous-time equalizer based on the comprehensive judgment value of the multi-bit post-cursor signal, and processing the input signal through the adjusted linear continuous-time equalizer. The present application can improve the phenomenon that the CTLE system is in an under-equalized state, with a low eye height and unsatisfactory performance after completing the adaptive process.
Owner:SHENZHEN PANGO MICROSYST CO LTD

An adaptive continuous-time linear equalizer and control method

The application provides an adaptive continuous-time linear equalizer and a control method, the adaptive continuous-time linear equalizer comprising: a signal adjusting module, the signal adjusting module being configured with an adjustable resistance and an adjustable capacitance; the signal adjusting module being configured to: receive a data signal; perform high-frequency gain processing on the data signal according to a gain coefficient; an eye diagram calculation module, the eye diagram calculation module being configured to: obtain eye height data and eye width data according to the data signal; an adaptive module, the adaptive module being configured to: obtain an equalization coefficient according to the eye height data and the eye width data; the equalization coefficient being a resistance adjustment value of the adjustable resistance and a capacitance adjustment value of the adjustable capacitance; the signal adjusting module being controlled to operate according to the equalization coefficient; when the signal adjusting module operates according to the equalization coefficient, the data signal reaches a target equalization effect, so as to solve the problems that a current linear equalizer has a relatively long signal equalization processing process and the quality of the processed signal is not located at a maximum value.
Owner:NANJING UNIV

Digital eye pattern test method, device and equipment and storage medium

ActiveCN121306224AStatic storageEye heightData signal
The invention discloses a digital eye diagram testing method, device and equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of testing, and the digital eye diagram testing method comprises the steps that bus data of a bus corresponding to a to-be-tested memory particle is captured in real time through a capture IC, and data signals of multiple channels are obtained; generating a digital eye pattern based on the data signal, and obtaining an eye width and an eye height corresponding to the digital eye pattern; if the eye width is smaller than a preset eye width or the eye height is smaller than a preset eye height, adjusting register parameters of a plurality of registers in a memory controller corresponding to the memory based on the eye width and the eye height, capturing bus data through a capturing IC to obtain data signals of a plurality of channels, and generating a digital eye pattern according to the data signals of the plurality of channels, and the parameters of the register are automatically adjusted according to the eye width and the eye height corresponding to the digital eye diagram, so that the eye height and the eye width of the digital eye diagram are increased, the whole-process automation from eye diagram measurement to register adjustment is realized, and the memory testing efficiency is improved.
Owner:KINGTIGER TESTING TECH (SZ) LTD

Dynamic PCI express output swing voltage tuning

According to one embodiment, a method, computer system, and computer program product for adjusting output swing voltage of a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) system is provided. The present invention may include training a neural network, recording, in real time, lane input data of PCIe lanes comprising a PCIe link, generating eye diagrams representing the PCIe lanes based on the lane input data, predicting, by the trained neural network, predicted eye heights for the PCIe lanes, and adjusting a current output swing voltage of one or more PCIe lanes based on the predicted eye heights.
Owner:INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINE CORPORATION

Self-adaptive MIPI eye pattern pressure testing method and system and storage medium

PendingCN121711468ATelevision systemsTest specificationSimulation
The invention provides a self-adaptive MIPI eye pattern pressure test method and system and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a test specification and a product specification to set a qualified threshold set, a limit threshold set and initial pressure information, coupling a pressure signal to a to-be-tested MIPI interface, and synchronously collecting eye pattern parameters such as eye height, eye width and jitter; real-time eye pattern parameters are compared with a qualified threshold set, pressure information is updated according to a pressure enhancement strategy, and testing is carried out again, so that pressure is gradually enhanced; if the parameters are not superior to the qualified threshold values, further comparing the parameters with the limit threshold value set, performing fine adjustment and iterative testing through a pressure fine adjustment strategy, and stopping testing and automatically generating a report until the parameters exceed the limit threshold values; therefore, the performance boundary of the MIPI interface under the composite pressure is automatically and accurately positioned, and the test intelligence level and the reliability evaluation efficiency are improved.
Owner:SHENZHEN JOYAR TECH (GRP) CO LTD

Method and system for determining a preferred location for a peep sight on a compound bow

PCT designated stageWO2025240204A1Bows/crossbowsSighting devicesOphthalmologyEye height
In a method and system for determining a preferred location for a peep sight on a compound bow, an eye height measurement is requested from or otherwise obtained from a user, and measurements of the compound bow are requested or retrieved. From such measurements, a preferred location for a peep sight can be determined.
Owner:PYRAMYD AIR LTD

A method and system for high-speed signal eye diagram testing based on automated testing equipment

This invention belongs to the field of high-speed data testing technology and discloses a method and system for testing high-speed signal eye diagrams based on automated testing equipment. The method includes: dividing the high-speed signal configuration vector into a configuration segment and an action segment. The configuration segment is used for quickly configuring the test environment, and the action segment is used for controlling test actions. In the action segment, a virtual clock is constructed as a reference trigger signal, and the virtual clock is synchronized with the high-speed signal under test to the same sequence group. The synchronized high-speed signal under test is waveform captured to generate a two-dimensional array composed of sampling time and level value. The two-dimensional array is processed using a differential peak-valley segmentation method, and eye height, rise / fall time, and jitter are measured based on the processing results. Automated testing equipment enables automated control, measurement, and output of test data, facilitating data analysis and processing, improving testing efficiency, and avoiding human interference.
Owner:XIAN MICROELECTRONICS TECH INST

Deviation method and device for verifying signal eye height amplitude margin and related assembly

PendingCN121506207AStatic storageLower limitEye height
The invention discloses a bias method and device for verifying a signal eye height amplitude margin and a related assembly, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a batch of samples to be detected, and determining an eye pattern template and a reference voltage corresponding to a received signal; for each to-be-tested sample, the reference voltage is pulled upwards and downwards until the received signal is abnormal, and an upper limit voltage when the received signal is abnormal after the reference voltage is pulled upwards and a lower limit voltage when the received signal is abnormal after the reference voltage is pulled downwards are recorded; screening out the minimum upper limit voltage from all the upper limit voltages, and screening out the maximum lower limit voltage from all the lower limit voltages; calculating a difference value between the minimum upper limit voltage and the maximum lower limit voltage, and comparing the difference value with the eye height range of the eye pattern template; and if the difference value is greater than the eye height range of the eye pattern template, judging that the high-speed signal eye height amplitude margin of the to-be-detected sample meets the design requirement. According to the method, the consistency deviation of the materials can be tolerated after the products are delivered on a large scale, and the robustness is better.
Owner:DONGGUAN RAMAXEL MEMORY TECH LTD

Intelligent glasses frame recommendation method and system based on multi-dimensional facial data recognition

The invention provides an intelligent glasses frame recommendation method and system based on multi-dimensional face data recognition, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining 3D face data obtained through 3D scanning of the face of a user, recognizing face key points from the 3D face data through a first pre-training AI model, carrying out the fitting through employing the recognized face key points as control points, and carrying out the recognition of the face key points; a 3D face coding point cloud carrying full face digital semantics is obtained; calling a second pre-training AI model to extract face features including skin color, age, face shape and / or hair style from the 3D face coding point cloud, and quantitatively calculating face features including face width and / or eyebrow and eye height dimensions based on the 3D face data; and calculating fitness scores of the multi-dimensional face features under the multi-dimensional mirror frame feature combinations by using a preset dynamic classification score matrix, and taking the mirror frame feature combination with the highest fitness score as a mirror frame style recommended to the user.
Owner:SHANGHAI BAILU BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

Integrated circuit, testing system, and operating method thereof

An integrated circuit (IC), a testing system, and an operating method are provided. The IC includes a receiver circuit and a processing circuit. The receiver circuit processes a communication signal based on a setting threshold voltage and multiple current operating parameters. The processing circuit obtains at least one current parameter among the current operating parameters. When a host inquires the IC about a receiver margin for the communication signal, the processing circuit obtains eye height data corresponding to the current parameter from a parameter-to-eye height mapping relationship, and returns the receiver margin corresponding to the eye height data to the host. A testing device of the testing system calculates the eye height data based on a setting testing threshold voltage and a target parameter corresponding to a test signal, and generates the parameter-to-eye height mapping relationship based on the target parameter and the eye height data.
Owner:VIA LABS INC

Method and system for determining a preferred location for a peep sight on a compound bow

PendingUS20250362107A1Bows/crossbowsSighting devicesOphthalmologyEye height
In a method and system for determining a preferred location for a peep sight on a compound bow, an eye height measurement is requested from or otherwise obtained from a user, and measurements of the compound bow are requested or retrieved. From such measurements, a preferred location for a peep sight can be determined.
Owner:PYRAMYD AIR LTD

GNSS deception detection method based on multi-scale eye pattern

The invention relates to the technical field of satellite navigation signal processing, in particular to a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) deception detection method based on a multi-scale eye pattern, which comprises the following steps of: in a signal tracking stage, stripping a satellite signal carrier by a receiver to ensure that eye pattern drawing is based on a pure baseband signal; an eye diagram is drawn according to the correlator output value, the eye height reflects the signal change, and the time-domain characteristics are visually displayed. And a multi-scale Canny algorithm based on the minimum misjudgment probability is used for extracting the edge of the eye pattern and identifying the boundary, so that a basis is provided for identifying the maximum connected domain and calculating the eye height. Identifying the maximum connected domain, calculating the eye height, and quantitatively evaluating the signal change. Eye height data is compared with a preset threshold value, the signal state is judged, and the threshold value is possibly interfered by deception and needs to be verified. Whether a deception signal exists or not is judged according to the result and verified, and the problem that an existing detection method has a detection blind area is solved.
Owner:GUILIN UNIV OF ELECTRONIC TECH +1

Method and system for determining a preferred location for a peep sight on a compound bow

In a method and system for determining a preferred location for a peep sight on a compound bow, an eye height measurement is requested from or otherwise obtained from a user, and measurements of the compound bow are requested or retrieved. From such measurements, a preferred location for a peep sight can be determined.
Owner:PYRAMYD AIR LTD

A lamp inspection instrument for detecting visible foreign matter in sodium hyaluronate gel

The utility model discloses a lamp inspection appearance for detecting visible foreign matter in sodium hyaluronate gel, including the box of opening towards the front side, the box inside upper portion is equipped with the lamp stand, the light source subassembly is installed on the lamp stand, is equipped with the lifting mechanism for adjusting the height of lamp stand in the box inside on the horizontal top plate of the box top portion. The utility model discloses a lamp inspection appearance for detecting visible foreign matter in sodium hyaluronate gel, when using, through the lifting mechanism can flexibly adjust the height of light source subassembly in the box inside to make light source subassembly and the eye height of detection personnel are adapted, help to improve the precision and quickness of detection personnel observation the visible foreign matter in the substance of placing on the placing table, greatly improve the detection efficiency and detection quality, and help to alleviate the eye fatigue feeling of detection personnel easily due to the height position of light source subassembly is not suitable.
Owner:JIANGSU TIERA BIOTECHNOLOGY CO LTD

Eye expander for PAM4 signal linearization

An eye expander that increases the transmitter linearity of Pulse-Amplitude Modulation 4-Level (PAM4) signals having an inner eye and two outer eyes. In embodiments, the eye expander includes a semi-linear gain stage that increases the eye height of the outer eyes. In some of those embodiments, the semi-linear gain stage includes a semi-linear gain input transistor having a base or gate coupled to an input terminal and a collector or drain coupled to an output terminal, a semi-linear gain resistor coupled to the emitter or source of the semi-linear gain input transistor, and semi-linear gain transistor-resistor pairs that selectively connect the emitter or source of the semi-linear gain input transistor to ground. In some embodiments, the eye expander includes a limiting gain stage that reduces the eye height of the inner eye and a linear gain stage that increases the eye height of the inner and outer eyes.
Owner:TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC