Described herein are reagents and methods for improving
signal in imaging
mass cytometry. Aspects include
mass tags with a large number of labeling atoms, chemical modifications to the
mass tags, and additional reagents to reduce background and / or preserve specific binding partner (SBP) binding of the mass
label, as well as protocols for associating multiple mass tags with a single SBP. Thus, embodiments include any combination of one or more reagents and uses thereof. The reagents, kits, and methods herein are useful in
mass cytometry, including imaging
mass cytometry. In some aspects, the reagents, kits, or methods are useful for delivering a large number of radioisotopes to a target
analyte, e.g., for therapeutic use or radioimaging. In certain aspects, only non-radioactive isotopes are used in
mass cytometry.