The invention provides a lobster eye X-ray optical element focusing performance test apparatus based on a CCD detector. The apparatus comprises an X-ray optical tube, a laser, a diaphragm, a six-dimensional adjustment apparatus, a CCD detector, a laser range finger, an analog-to-digital conversion card, a digital-to-analog conversion card, a horizontal adjustment apparatus and a computer signal processing system. During an operation test, first of all, an optical path calibration is performed, after the calibration, the laser is moved out, and the X-ray optical tube is moved to an optical path; and a lobster eye X-ray optical element is adjusted to carry out MPO full-caliber two-dimensional scanning, a CCD X-ray detector records an imaging result, and through splicing and processing a recorded image, multiple focusing performance indexes including a focal length, a focal spot, light intensity distribution, space angle resolution and the like are obtained. The test apparatus provided by the invention is ingenious in structure, good in real-time performance, low in test cost and convenient to operate.