The invention relates to a rotavirus challenge animal model and an establishment method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biology. The invention provides a rotavirus challenge animal model. The rotavirus challenge animal model is a suckling mouse filled with an anti-acid protective agent (such as disodium adipate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium succinate, sodium citrate, sodium malate and sodium acetate) and rotavirus. Researches find that before or when the rotavirus is used for counteracting toxic substances, the rotavirus morbidity and the model stability of the large-day-old suckling rats can be effectively improved by irrigating the large-day-old suckling rats with the anti-acid protective agent; the large-day-old suckling mouse can complete the complete immune process of the vaccine; therefore, besides the virulence evaluation of the rotavirus strain, the rotavirus challenge animal model also has an application prospect in the evaluation of the effectiveness of the rotavirus vaccine.