The invention belongs to the field of natural situation data acquisition and analog, specifically a 4D (Four Dimensional) thunder collecting method using a sensor network. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, designing multiple physical attributes sampling nodes of the thunder, and collecting physical parameter information such as radio frequency spectrums, thunder clap and the like of space 3D (Three Dimensional) lightning shapes and thunder by using the sensor network in a large range, wherein each network node comprises the following devices: a low-speed camera, a high-speed camera, a sound detector, a GPS (Global Positioning System), a 3G (Third Generation) wireless communication device, and a radio wide frequency spectrum analyzer; 2, carrying out multilevel sampling in thunder areas by combining fixed-point collection and mobile collection; 3, carrying out the synchronization of data acquisition by the calibration of multi-node multi-device; 4, transmitting multi-node large-scale sampling data by the 3G wireless communication device; and 5, generating a 4D thunder sampling database. The invention has the characteristics that the 3D shapes of lightning, thunder clap and radio frequency spectrum can be synchronously acquired and the collection on large-scale thunder data is realized by the combination of the fixed-point collection and the mobile collection. In the invention, the collected thunder data can be applied to the meteorological environmental monitor and the thunder simulation based on physic.