The invention discloses a floating ecological filter bed for riverways, and relates to the technical field of ecological filter beds, the floating ecological filter bed comprises a splicing frame and a filter bed body, the splicing frame is composed of cross beams and vertical beams, hooks are uniformly distributed at the tops of the cross beams close to the inner ring, round holes are uniformly distributed in the vertical beams, and magnets are embedded in the joints of every two vertical beams. The filter bed body is sequentially provided with a filling layer, a filter layer, a root system layer and a buoyancy counterweight layer from top to bottom, the filling layer, the filter layer, the root system layer and the buoyancy counterweight layer are woven together through a woven net, and the filter bed body is hung on the hooks of the splicing frame through the woven net. The splicing frame composed of the cross beams, the hooks, the vertical beams, the round holes, the magnets and the like is beneficial to modular assembly of the floating ecological filter bed, personalized assembly and customization can be better conducted according to the water body condition and the water area, assemblies forming the splicing frame are integrally formed by plastic materials, the mass of the splicing frame is reduced, and floating on water is facilitated.