Disclosed is a method of discriminating materials by employing fast 
neutron and continuous spectral X-
ray and an equipment for the same. The method comprising the steps of: (a) transmitting a fast 
neutron beam produced by a fast 
neutron source and a continuous spectral X-
ray beam produced by a continuous spectral X-
ray source through inspected objects; (b) directly measuring the intensity of the transmitted X-rays and the intensity of the transmitted neutrons by a X-ray 
detector array and a neutron 
detector array respectively; and (c) identifying the materials of the inspected object by Z-dependency curves formed by the attenuation differences between the neutron beam and X-ray beam transmitted through different materials of the inspected object. This direct measurement of transmitted dual-ray technique has much more efficient than secondary radiations measurement such as 
neutron activation analysis, has much more material discrimination sensitivity than dual-energy x-ray technique. The respective measurements of neutrons and x-rays make the usages of high detect efficiency neutron detectors and x-ray detectors possible. The using continuous spectral x-ray produced by Linac adds more advantages such as: high penetration ability, 
high spatial resolution, and high 
image quality over monoenergetic dual-ray technique.