The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring and particularly relates to a multi-component atmospheric environment gridded monitoring instrument. The invention aims to solve a problem that traditional atmospheric monitoring equipment has the disadvantages of a large volume, a high price and complex installation and maintenance and is difficult in satisfying higher and higher monitoring requirements. The invention provides the multi-component atmospheric environment gridded monitoring instrument which comprises a box body, a box body upper cover, a solar panel, a solar cell charging management unit, a storage battery, a switch power supply, a motherboard, a GPRS transmission module, a GPRS antenna, a GPS module, a partition switching board, a temperature and humidity sensor, a shield, an inlet humidity control unit, an air guidance fan, a PM2.5 sensor, a PM10 sensor, a gas sensor unit, and a meteorological station. Compared with the traditional atmospheric monitoring equipment, according to the atmospheric monitoring instrument, the reasonable model selection is carried out in various sensors, the humidity conditions measured by the sensors are controlled, and thus the sensors have the advantages of high accuracy, good stability, and high contrast in atmospheric gridded distribution site monitoring.