The invention discloses an efficient self-recycling system for continuously preparing sodium bichromate by a wet method. The system comprises a beating tank, an oxygen supply device, and a first delivery pump, a preheating device, a liquid-phase oxidation reaction device, a flash evaporation device, a first separation device, a first concentration device, a carbonization device, a second separation device, an electrolytic bath, a second concentration device, a cooling crystallization device and a centrifugation device, which are sequentially connected with the beating tank through a feed liquid delivery pipeline, wherein the oxygen supply device is used for introducing oxygen into the liquid-phase oxidation reaction device; CO2 generated by preheating decomposition, CO2 and steam, which are generated by oxidation, and steam generated by flash evaporation can be delivered to the concentration devices, the steam is used for feed liquid concentration, and CO2 is led into the carbonization device for carbonization reaction; chromium-containing sodium bicarbonate obtained by separation in the second separation device can be delivered to the beating tank as an ingredient. According to the system, the byproducts CO2 and steam are used for carbonization and feed liquid concentration and the product sodium bicarbonate is used as the ingredient, so that sodium, CO2 and heat are efficiently self-recycled, and energy waste is reduced.