The invention discloses an optical-fiber-waveguide automatic alignment coupling instrument based on image processing, and belongs to the technical fields of optical fiber communication and optical fiber sensing. The optical-fiber-waveguide automatic alignment coupling instrument based on image processing includes an image acquisition module, an image processing and control module, a motion execution module and a man-machine interaction module, wherein the motion execution module includes a pigtail filler block, a Y waveguide element, a six-dimensional electric displacement table, a motor control panel, two sets of hand-operated displacement tables and the like, wherein the image processing and control module includes a processor, a storage module, a communication interface and a display module; and the image acquisition module acquires side surface images and end surface images with clear definition, and then the motion execution module extracts the edge feature straight lines from theside surface images with clear definition and calculates the relative deviation after the side surface images and end surface images are processed by the image processing and control module, then eliminates the deviation to realize initial light, determines the output point position and controls the maximum gray value of the output light point to achieve automatic alignment coupling of the fiber-Y waveguide. The optical-fiber-waveguide automatic alignment coupling instrument based on image processing has the advantages of small volume, low cost, friendly man-machine interaction and high operation speed, and can avoid long time operation of artificial alignment.