63results about How to "Less hazardous" patented technology

Provided are various methods, systems and reactors for producing peroxycarboxylic acid compositions, such as non-equilibrium compositions of peracetic acid, for example. The methods and systems relate to electrolytic generation of hydrogen peroxide or peroxide ions in a reactor, wherein the generated materials are reacted with an acetyl donor to form peracetic acid. In an embodiment, a source of alkali metal ions is provided to an anode chamber such that the ratio of concentrations of the alkali metal ions to protons in the anode chamber of a reactor is greater than 1.

Methods and apparatus are provided for uniformly depositing a coating material from a vaporization source onto a powdered substrate material to form a thin coalescence film of the coating material that smoothly replicates the surface microstructure of the substrate material. The coating material is uniformly deposited on the substrate material to form optical interference pigment particles. The thin film enhances the hiding power and color gamut of the substrate material. Physical vapor deposition processes are used for depositing the film on the substrate material. The apparatus and systems employed in forming the coated particles utilize vibrating bed coaters, vibrating conveyor coaters, or coating towers. These allow the powdered substrate material to be uniformly exposed to the coating material vapor during the coating process.

A process for cleaning semiconductor fabrication equipment parts includes determining a definition for a clean part including multiple maximum acceptable impurity levels; determining an initial multiple impurity levels of a part prior to its cleaning; determining a cleaning process to apply to the part; applying the cleaning process to the part, wherein the cleaning process creates reduced multiple impurity levels for the part below that of the initial multiple impurity levels; determining the reduced multiple impurity levels; comparing the reduced multiple impurity levels against the multiple maximum acceptable impurities levels of the definition; and repeating the application of the cleaning process to the part if the reduced multiple impurity levels do not meet the definition of a clean part. A dilute aqueous cleaning solution for cleaning parts includes 0.5-1.5% wt. HF; 0.1-0.5% wt. HNO3; and 1-10% wt H2O2. A method for reducing sub-surface damage to a part includes determining how deep is the sub-surface damage beneath a surface of a part; chemically etching said surface of said part; and stopping said chemical etching of said surface at about said depth of said sub-surface damage.

Provided herein is an improved, convenient, commercially viable and environmentally friendly process for the preparation of varenicline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprising reacting 1-(4,5-diamino-10-aza-tricyclo[6.3.1.02 7]dodeca-2(7),3,5-trien-10-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone with chloroacetaldehyde in the presence of an oxygen source. Provided further herein is an improved and industrially advantageous process for the preparation of 1-(4,5-diamino-10-aza-tricyclo[6.3.1.02 7]dodeca-2(7),3,5-trien-10-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone.

A method of forming a nanowire comprising: providing nanoparticles of a metallic material; providing a vapour of fluorocarbon molecules by heating a solid polymer; depositing at least some of the carbon of said molecules onto an exterior of one of said particles to form a deposit of carbon which surrounds at least part of the exterior of said one particle and assembling further of said particles with said one particle to form an elongate configuration of material in the form of a nanowire. Similar methods of production of nanotubes are also disclosed.

Composition and method for production of peroxycarboxylic acid solutions for various disinfection and cleaning compositions that utilizes non-equilibrium peroxycarboxylic acid. More specifically compositions comprise peracetic acid (PAA) and methods for making non-equilibrium PAA are provided. Frozen compositions useful as antimicrobial ice are provided.

Methods for fabricating solar cells without the need to perform gasification of metallurgical-grade silicon are disclosed. Consequently, the costs and health and environmental hazards involved in fabricating the solar or silicon grade silicon are being avoided. A solar cell structure comprises a metallurgical grade doped silicon substrate and a thin-film structure formed over the substrate to form a p-i-n junction with the substrate. The substrate may be doped p-type, and the thin film structure may be an intrinsic amorphous layer formed over the substrate and an n-type amorphous layer formed over the intrinsic layer.

Provided are various methods, systems and reactors for producing peroxycarboxylic acid compositions, such as non-equilibrium compositions of peracetic acid, for example. The methods and systems relate to electrolytic generation of hydrogen peroxide or peroxide ions in a reactor, wherein the generated materials are reacted with an acetyl donor to form peracetic acid. In an embodiment, a source of alkali metal ions is provided to an anode chamber such that the ratio of concentrations of the alkali metal ions to protons in the anode chamber of a reactor is greater than 1.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of aromatic carbonyl compound with carbonyl group attached to its aromatic ring, particularly relates to a process for the preparation of aromatic carbonyl compound with carbonyl group attached to its aromatic ring, by oxidizing with molecular oxygen the methylene or alcoholic group attached to aromatic ring of an aromatic compound, using a polyoxometallate(s) anion exchanged hydrotalcite catalyst.

Disclosed are a new composite material and a process for synthesizing highly charged, highly monodisperse, core-shell particles with high refractive index cores, as well as stable, long lasting crystalline colloidal arrays (CCAs) formed thereof. A preferred embodiment of the core particle can be highly monodisperse zinc sulfide (ZnS) particles and a preferred embodiment of the shell can be highly charged polyelectrolytes. The CCAs formed thereof are charge stabilized photonic crystals that shows distinctive first and second order Bragg diffraction peaks whose locations vary over a wide spectral region from UV through visible to IR, with unusually strong intensity and broad band width due to the high index of refraction. These high refractive index particles are useful in applications such as optical filters, optical coatings, cosmetics and photonic crystals sensors and devices.

The present invention provides a process for preparing a melt-processed organic-inorganic hybrid material including the steps of maintaining an solid organic-inorganic hybrid material at a temperature above the melting point but below the decomposition temperature of the organic-inorganic hybrid material for a period of time sufficient to form a uniform melt and thereafter, cooling the uniform melt to an ambient temperature under conditions sufficient to produce the melt-processed organic-inorganic hybrid material.

An off-board refueling / refurbishing system for an integrated hermetically sealed fuel cell and solid hydrogen storage power plant, used to power transportation means operated and used by the public. A replaceable power plant package is handled in a refueling station where the sealed power plant package with depleted fuel and optional discharged electrical accumulator is removed from a vehicle and replaced with a refueled and recharged package. A separate recharging / refurbishing facility is provided where the waste product is removed from the depleted power plant package, the fuel cell and the solid hydrogen storage are tested and refurbished as needed.

The present disclosure is directed to a coating composition having excellent adhesion and flexibility. This invention is further directed to a coating composition comprising components derived from renewable resources.

The present disclosure is directed to a coating composition having excellent adhesion to primer layers, fast drying, improved flexibility and good pot life. This disclosure is further directed to a coating composition comprising components derived from renewable resources, low Tg acrylic polymers having one or more crosslinkable functional groups and a crosslinking agent having one or more crosslinking functional groups.

The present disclosure is directed to a coating composition having excellent adhesion to primer layers, fast drying, improved flexibility and good pot life. This disclosure is further directed to a coating composition comprising components derived from renewable resources, low Tg acrylic polymers having one or more crosslinkable functional groups and a crosslinking agent having one or more crosslinking functional groups.

Substrates for solar cells are prepared by etching a plurality of metallurgical grade wafers; depositing aluminum layer on backside of each wafer; depositing a layer of hydrogenated silicon nitride on front surface of each wafer; annealing the wafers at elevated temperature; removing the hydrogenated silicon nitride without disturbing the aluminum layer. A solar cell is then fabricated on the front surface of the wafer while the aluminum remain to serve as the back contact of the cell.

The present invention relates to a method for rapid isolation of RNA. More particularly, it relates to a method for isolation of RNA using two-solution system. The present invention also relates to a RNA isolation kit.

A curable resin composition containing as the binder a fumarate copolymer which is excellent in thermal discoloration resistance and capable of forming details of a color filter, namely, a photocurable resin composition useful in forming overcoats, RGB pixels, black matrixes or spacers in the production of color filters, which contains as the binder a fumarate copolymer having a molecular structure comprising constituent units represented by the general formula (1) and constituent units having acidic functional groups, and preferably further containing constituent units having ethylenically unsaturated bonds: (1) wherein R1 and R2 are each independently branched C3-8 alkyl which may be substituted, or C4-8 cycloalkyl which may be substituted.

The invention relates to a composition and method for effectively increasing the hardness of a concrete surface and other cementeous materials. More specifically, increasing hardness of concrete by applying a strontium based solution to its surface, and the structure made by the method. The invention also relates to application of surfactants and / or other additives in order to improve the penetration of the hardening agent into the concrete surface and other cementeous materials, improve the water and / or oil repellant properties of the concrete, and / or improve its stain resistance.

Methods and systems for on-site production of peroxycarboxcylic acid compositions, and in particular, nonequilibrium compositions of peracetic acid (PAA) enable the economical and safe production of PAA on-demand at the point of use. The methods and systems control flow rates and proportions of feedstocks / reactants, perform the required sequence of reaction steps to produce high yield peroxycarboxcylic acid solutions in a continuous manner, and provide optimal reaction time and reactant mixing for continuous and safe on-site production.

An apparatus and non-vapor-pressure dependent methods of producing silicon particles such as nanoparticles (Si-NPs), quantum dots (Si-QDs) and Si-nanocrystals (Si-NCs) as well as particle embedded thin films are disclosed. Nano or micro scale droplets of a liquid silane composition are polymerized in a gas phase with heat or radiation to produce particles that are then collected. Droplets from a droplet generator pass through a flow channel with a reaction zone that is heated or irradiated to form the particles that are collected in a collector. The flow of droplets may be assisted with carrier or flow gases that may be heated. Liquid silane composition solutions may also include metal, non-metal or metalloid dopants and solvents. Particle surfaces can also be passivated or functionalized. Particles and droplets of liquid silane can also be co-deposited and heated to produce particle embedded thin films.

A process for cleaning semiconductor fabrication equipment parts includes determining a definition for a clean part including multiple maximum acceptable impurity levels; determining an initial multiple impurity levels of a part prior to its cleaning; determining a cleaning process to apply to the part; applying the cleaning process to the part, wherein the cleaning process creates reduced multiple impurity levels for the part below that of the initial multiple impurity levels; determining the reduced multiple impurity levels; comparing the reduced multiple impurity levels against the multiple maximum acceptable impurities levels of the definition; and repeating the application of the cleaning process to the part if the reduced multiple impurity levels do not meet the definition of a clean part. A dilute aqueous cleaning solution for cleaning parts includes 0.5-1.5% wt. HF; 0.1-0.5% wt. HNO3; and 1-10% wt H2O2. A method for reducing sub-surface damage to a part includes determining how deep is the sub-surface damage beneath a surface of a part; chemically etching said surface of said part; and stopping said chemical etching of said surface at about said depth of said sub-surface damage.

The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of zonisamide or a derivative thereof comprising (a) reacting 1,2-benzisoxazole-3-methane-sulfonic acid with a halogenating agent in a first organic solvent to provide benzisoxazole methane sulfonyl halide; and, (b) reacting benzisoxazole methane sulfonyl halide with an amine in a second organic solvent to form zonisamide or a derivative thereof.

The invention concerns a method for measuring the leakage rate of an activated carbon filter, characterised in that it comprises the following steps:injecting into the circuit comprising the filter to be tested a gas mixture comprising a carrier gas and a gas trappable by said filter to be tested,sampling, upstream and downstream of the filter, a relative amount of said gas mixture in storage means,measuring the amount of trappable gas contained in each of the storage means using a photoionisation chromatograph,determining the leakage rate by comparing the relative amount of trappable gas present downstream and the relative amount of trappable gas present upstream of the filter.

A method and apparatus are provided for generating Oxygen. Water-soluble chemicals are mixed in water, and the result is medically pure Oxygen. The water-soluble chemicals have long shelf-lives and are non-toxic, not an environmental hazard, not a fire hazard, and not an explosive hazard. Once the reaction is complete, the remaining waste solution can be disposed of in a conventional waste disposal system with no adverse affects. All of these attributes contribute to a safe, compact, and easily usable Oxygen generation system.

The present invention provides compositions that are intimate mixtures of hydrogen fluoride and a polyacrylate-polyacrylamide cross-linked copolymer. The compositions of the invention are less hazardous and, therefore, more conveniently stored, transported, and handled in comparison to pure hydrogen fluoride. Further, the hydrogen fluoride may be readily recovered from the compositions of the invention for use.

Composition and method for production of peroxycarboxylic acid solutions for various disinfection and cleaning compositions that utilizes non-equilibrium peroxycarboxylic acid. More specifically compositions comprise peracetic acid (PAA) and methods for making non-equilibrium PAA are provided. Frozen compositions useful as antimicrobial ice are provided.