The invention provides a combined cooling, heating, power cogeneration system and method containing supercritical compressed air energy storage and relates to the technical field of combined cooling,heating, power cogeneration system optimization. The combined cooling, heating, power cogeneration system comprises an electric generator, a supercritical compressed air energy storage module, a compression heat utilization module, a solar preheating module, an electric refrigerating machine, an absorption type refrigerating machine, a waste heat boiler and an electric boiler, wherein the electricgenerator supplies power to devices in the system and a user; the supercritical compressed air energy storage module releases electricity after compressing air, and the output end of the supercritical compressed air energy storage module is connected with the electric refrigerating machine, the electric boiler and the user input end; the compression heat utilization module cools the air and stores water absorbing heat, and the output end of the compression heat utilization module is connected with the supercritical compressed air energy storage module and the user; the solar preheating moduleoutputs the air to the supercritical compressed air energy storage module after heating the air; and the output ends of the waste heat boiler, the absorption type refrigerating machine, the electricrefrigerating machine and the electric boiler are connected with the user. By means of the combined cooling, heating, power cogeneration system and method containing the supercritical compressed air energy storage, changes of the energy requirements in the system are fully met, and the stability of the system under the condition of variable working conditions is improved.