59results about How to "Improve braking effect" patented technology

The invention relates to a wheel device, a vehicle having the wheel device and a method of controlling the wheel device. The wheel device comprises a wheel body, a cover element and a transmission assembly. The wheel body is provided with a plurality of spokes which are arranged at intervals at a preset angle, and a through opening through which air can pass is formed between every two adjacent spokes; the cover element can cover the side face of the wheel body in a rotating mode relative to the wheel body around the rotating axis of the wheel body and is provided with at least one hole opening area. A transmission assembly is disposed between the wheel body and the shroud element and is configured to rotate the shroud element relative to the wheel body about a rotational axis of the wheel body when a rotational speed of the wheel body is greater than a predetermined threshold, therefore, the through opening of the wheel body is converted from an open state in which the through opening overlaps with the orifice area to a blocked state in which the through opening does not overlap with the orifice area. The invention has the advantages of reducing air resistance, increasing endurance mileage or fuel efficiency, and improving cooling performance, braking performance and appearance design.

The application discloses a kind of carbon ceramic brake pad for grinding carbon ceramic brake disc, belong to brake pad technical field, solve the poor heat dissipation performance of existing ceramic brake pad, insufficient connection strength, leading to the problem of poor friction performance, it includes carbon ceramic lining plate and the carbon ceramic friction surface installed on carbon ceramic lining plate, multiple mortise grooves are set on the upper surface of carbon ceramic lining plate, multiple tenon heads matched with mortise groove are set on the lower surface of carbon ceramic friction surface, tenon head is embedded into mortise groove and forms mortise and tenon structure, connects carbon ceramic lining plate and carbon ceramic friction surface, ear plate is set on the circumference of carbon ceramic lining plate, and mounting hole is formed in ear plate;In the application, the friction coefficient is adjusted by designing ceramic phase composition and density of carbon ceramic friction surface and carbon ceramic lining plate, and carbon ceramic lining plate and carbon ceramic friction surface are connected by RMI process and mortise and tenon structure to improve the mechanical properties of connecting place, ensure braking safety, reduce thermal stress generated in braking process, so as to improve the friction performance, effectively guarantee braking effect, and prolong service life.

The invention relates to an electro-mechanical brake caliper, a brake system and a vehicle. The electro-mechanical brake caliper comprises a caliper body, a brake disc and a brake disc, the brake pad is arranged on the caliper body; the driving module is arranged on the caliper body; the driving module comprises a driving part, a transmission mechanism, a first speed reducing mechanism, a second speed reducing mechanism, a first piston assembly and a second piston assembly; the driving part is in transmission connection with the first speed reducing mechanism and the second speed reducing mechanism through the transmission mechanism, the first speed reducing mechanism is in transmission connection with the first piston assembly, the second speed reducing mechanism is in transmission connection with the second piston assembly, and the first piston assembly and the second piston assembly can move in the first direction so as to abut against and drive the brake pad to move. The electronic mechanical brake caliper has good brake performance.

This invention relates to a brake disc optimization method, device, and medium based on four-factor constraints. The method includes: obtaining the mass of a target brake disc; establishing a model with an undercarriage structure based on the parameters of the target brake disc, and obtaining the maximum limiting temperature of each part; performing optimization design without exceeding the original mass to obtain the optimized brake disc; performing CFD steady-state simulation to calculate the steady-state cooling pump air ratio; when the maximum temperature is lower than the maximum limiting temperature, determining whether it meets the preset optimization target based on the steady-state cooling pump air ratio; performing CFD transient simulation analysis on candidate brake discs to calculate the transient cooling pump air ratio; when the maximum temperature is lower than the maximum limiting temperature, determining whether it meets the optimization target based on the transient cooling pump air ratio; if so, the target brake disc is the preferred brake disc. Compared with the prior art, this invention solves or partially solves the problem that existing brake disc optimization methods lack constraints during the optimization process, leading to unsatisfactory optimization.

The application discloses a 505 / 95R29 special high-load radial tire for nonferrous mine and a production process thereof, and relates to the technical field of tires. The application is characterized in that a concave V-shaped structure is arranged at the tire shoulder and the tire side, the transverse pattern groove of the tire tread extends to the tire side and is provided with a heat dissipation groove; the ring part is designed with full interference and is provided with anti-skid protrusions; a five-layer belt structure is adopted, the B1 belt layer is a two-piece small-angle split structure, and nylon reinforcing layers are arranged on both sides of the tire body. The application fills the design and development blank of the 505 / 95R29 special high-load radial tire for nonferrous mine by developing a new 505 / 95R29 special high-load radial tire for nonferrous mine and adopting a new production process, and solves the problems of insufficient load capacity of the current product of the large-tonnage wide-body vehicle and high failure.

The invention discloses a brake device and mobile device.The brake device comprises a base plate, the base plate is provided with at least one pair of brake modules, and the pair of brake modules are driven by a driver to at least move back to back and are switched from a non-brake state to a brake state; each brake module comprises at least one brake roller protruding out of the opposite sides of the pair of brake modules, the brake rollers are eccentrically arranged on a wheel supporting shaft, and the wheel supporting shaft is arranged on the brake modules. According to the brake device, the brake idler wheel eccentrically arranged on the wheel supporting shaft is adopted for braking, during braking, the brake idler wheel tends to rotate around the wheel supporting shaft under the action of friction force, and due to the fact that the brake idler wheel is eccentrically arranged, the brake idler wheel has the effect of wedging towards a rail face for self-locking after rotating, and the brake idler wheel can be prevented from being damaged. Therefore, larger friction force can be obtained, the braking time and stroke can be shortened, and the braking effect can be improved.

The application belongs to the technical field of vehicle braking system, and discloses a segmented pole arc motor for an electronic mechanical braking system, a use method and a vehicle.The motor comprises a stator and an inner rotor, the stator adopts a split tooth structure, is provided with an alternating current armature winding and a direct current excitation winding, and the rotor is provided with segmented pole arc permanent magnets, so that the motor forms a hybrid excitation structure in which a permanent magnet magnetic field and an excitation magnetic field are superposed.Through segmented optimization of the pole arc of the permanent magnet, the air gap magnetic flux waveform is improved, the cogging torque and torque ripple are reduced, and the running stability is improved; equivalent flux linkage is controlled by adjusting the excitation current, the no-load speed is improved in the braking gap elimination stage, and the armature current and the locked-rotor copper loss are reduced in the clamping force following and maintaining stage.The cogging torque, torque ripple and locked-rotor copper loss are reduced in the structural level and the control level, and the application is suitable for stable and reliable work of the electronic mechanical braking system under various working conditions.

This utility model relates to the field of bicycle brake technology and discloses a bicycle caliper brake, including a left arm, a right arm, a central shaft, a return spring, a brake pad assembly, a side shaft, and a connecting arm. The left arm and one end of the connecting arm are pivotally connected via the central shaft. The other end of the right arm and the connecting arm are rotatably connected to one side of the central shaft via the side shaft, with one end of the left arm positioned between the right arm and the connecting arm. The brake pad assembly is symmetrically arranged at the lower ends of the left and right arms. The other end of the right arm has a brake cable fastening structure that corresponds to the brake cable threading structure on the left arm. The return spring is located at the front end of the central shaft, with both ends abutting and limiting the movement of the left arm and the connecting arm, respectively. This design solves the problem that existing caliper brakes, where both brake arms use a single central rod as the rotation center, require riders to exert significant braking force to achieve the desired braking effect.

The utility model relates to hoisting and conveying equipment technical field discloses a hoisting trolley direction changing moving device, including mobile base, and mobile base is equipped with two groups, two groups of mobile base are fixedly installed together through a group of slide rods, the slide rod is in the shape of H, and the middle part of slide rod is provided with mobile base, and the bottom end fixed mounting of mobile base has the crane, and one group of speed reducer mechanism is arranged on the both sides of mobile base respectively, the inside of two groups of mobile base is rotatably installed with two groups of moving wheels respectively, and the inside of moving wheel is provided with brake mechanism, this hoisting trolley direction changing moving device, through the regulation contact pressure dynamic control moving speed, through accurate brake and deceleration control, effectively reduce the shaking of hoisting goods, improve hoisting operation stability and security.

This application relates to an intelligent toilet seat soft-close device, including a drive module, a first switch module, and a second switch module. The drive module includes a drive source connected to a first semiconductor element. The first switch module is used to conduct the circuit between the drive source and the first semiconductor element and a first consumable element, and a ground terminal. A first terminal of the first switch module is connected to the first consumable element, and a second terminal of the first switch module is grounded. The second switch module is used to control the circuit of the first switch module to cut off when power is available, allowing the drive source to drive the toilet seat normally. In the absence of mains power, the device uses the first switch module to conduct the current loop between the drive source and the ground terminal, hindering the descent of the toilet seat, thereby achieving the effect of slow descent of the toilet seat when there is no mains power. The grounding loop effectively protects the circuit components from damage caused by high back electromotive force. When power is available, the device can also more effectively control the rotation speed and descent speed of the drive source.

The application discloses a motorcycle, which comprises a frame, a body cover, a wheel, a power assembly, a suspension system and a braking system. The body cover is at least partially located on the frame and connected with the frame, the wheel is connected to the frame and comprises a hub, the power assembly is in driving connection with the wheel, the suspension system connects the wheel to the frame, and the braking system comprises a wheel braking mechanism which is installed on one side of the wheel. The motorcycle further comprises a shield which is located on the side of the wheel where the wheel braking mechanism is installed and is provided with a flow guide hole which is opened along the width direction of the frame and penetrates through the shield. The shield is at least partially recessed towards the wheel braking mechanism to form a flow guide structure which is communicated with the flow guide hole so that air can enter the flow guide hole from the flow guide structure. Through the above arrangement, the braking performance of the wheel braking mechanism can be improved.

The present disclosure relates to a vehicle braking method, a braking controller, a storage medium and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of vehicle control. The method comprises: acquiring braking data of the vehicle, the braking data comprising braking intensity data and braking torque parameters, the braking intensity data comprising an actual deceleration and a target deceleration, and the braking torque parameters comprising a running resistance; determining a pre-control braking torque according to the running resistance and the target deceleration; in the case that the braking intensity data satisfies torque correction conditions, obtaining a target braking torque according to the actual deceleration, the target deceleration and the pre-control braking torque; and finally, performing braking control on the vehicle according to the target braking torque. The pre-control braking torque can be corrected in the case that the braking intensity is large, so as to improve the braking effect.

The invention discloses a scissor car braking tool, and relates to the technical field of scissor car braking, the scissor car braking tool comprises a bottom plate, braking side plates are fixedly mounted on the two sides of the bottom plate, mounting boxes are fixedly mounted on one sides of the pair of braking side plates, a storage box is fixedly mounted on the top of each mounting box, and the scissor car braking tool further comprises a blocking component; the mechanical sliding problem in the site construction process is effectively solved through the braking tool, and operation is easy and convenient; the problems that an existing scissor car braking mode mostly depends on a braking system of equipment or a cushion block is manually placed, but the braking system of the equipment is prone to being abraded after being used for a long time, braking force is reduced, and the cushion block is not stably placed manually are solved.

The utility model discloses an anti-falling device of a mine hoist, and relates to the technical field of anti-falling devices, the anti-falling device of the mine hoist comprises a hoist body, the anti-falling device is installed on the hoist body, and an outer protection device is arranged on the outer side of the hoist body and the outer side of the anti-falling device; according to the anti-falling device, the anti-falling device not only depends on direct braking of the sliding rod, the L-shaped rotating frame and the clamping block, but also participates in the anti-falling process through transmission components such as the motor, the gear transmission shaft, the toothed chain and the gear; when falling occurs, the transmission system can slow down the falling speed of the lifting container to a certain extent by utilizing the inertia and the torque of the transmission system, and is matched with mechanical braking of the clamping blocks and the clamping grooves to form a multi-stage braking system, so that the anti-falling reliability and the braking effect are improved, and the risk of anti-falling failure caused by failure of a single component is reduced.

The utility model discloses a conical braking device, and relates to the technical field of braking. Comprising a motor body, the middle of the motor body is provided with an axial rod, the lower portion of the axial rod is sleeved with a spring, the lower portion of the axial rod is provided with a pointing pin, the motor body is provided with a conical brake disc through the pointing pin, the conical brake disc is arranged on the outer side of the spring, and the bottom end of the axial rod is provided with a mounting tailstock which is provided with a conical friction plate. The spring stretches out and draws back in the vertical direction and is used for driving the conical brake disc to move in the vertical direction, and the pointing pin plays a role in guiding the spring. Through the integral arrangement of the device, the strong braking effect on the motor body is realized in a narrow space, so that the transmission accuracy of the motor body is ensured, the installation condition of small occupied space is realized, the device has the advantages of strong braking effect, compact structure, easiness in manufacturing and low cost, and the applicability is improved.

The application provides a goods elevator emergency braking system and equipment, including a goods elevator car, the goods elevator car including a goods elevator main controller, the goods elevator main controller including a brake and a speed limiter and a safety clamp, the brake is equipped with a lubricating mechanism and a braking mechanism, the brake is used for emergency braking of the power output of the goods elevator car when the goods elevator car is powered off, stopping the operation of the goods elevator car, the goods elevator main controller can control the opening and closing of the brake in the powered state.The application is provided with a cylinder, a torsional spring and an electromagnet and a sleeve, under the magnetic action of the electromagnet, the torsional force of the torsional spring can be stabilized, then the two cylinders are used to limit the steel wire rope of the traction car, and the bristles on the sleeve are used to clean the steel wire rope, and after the goods elevator car is powered off, the two cylinders can clamp the brake disc under the action of the torsional force of the torsional spring.

The application discloses a kind of hybrid loader brake energy recovery control method and device, the method includes: when the state of charge of target loader power battery meets first preset threshold, and battery temperature meets second preset threshold, control target loader work in energy recovery state;In energy recovery state, determine the braking mode of target loader and motor brake system state;Total demand brake torque is distributed as front axle demand brake torque and rear axle demand brake torque;Determine front axle and rear axle motor maximum brake torque;According to motor brake system state, front axle and rear axle demand brake torque, front axle and rear axle motor maximum brake torque and preset torque distribution rule corresponding to motor brake system state, determine the torque distribution scheme of target loader.The application effectively improves the brake efficiency of hybrid loader, improves the energy recovery amount when hybrid loader brakes, and improves the operation comfort of driver simultaneously.

The application provides a wing-body fusion back support engine reverse thrust device capable of inhibiting air intake distortion, which comprises a ring-shaped reverse thrust vane located on the inner side of a back support engine nacelle cover and reverse thrust flow guiding plates located on the two side surfaces of a back support engine nacelle support. When reverse thrust is needed, with the increase of the unfolding angle of the flow guiding plates, the hindering effect of the flow guiding plates on the forward movement of the reverse thrust air flow is more and more significant, so that the air intake quality of the turbofan engine during the reverse thrust work is ensured; in addition, the flow guiding plates also have the interference effect on the air flow similar to that of a spoiler, so that the form resistance is increased, which is beneficial to the faster deceleration of the airplane. The application effectively solves the adaptability problem of the reverse thrust device and the wing-body fusion back support engine, inhibits the occurrence of air intake distortion, strengthens the braking effect of the reverse thrust device, and guarantees the flight safety of the wing-body fusion back support engine layout.

The utility model provides a kind of wheel hub motor electric brake and electromagnetic brake assembly, including first shell and second shell, first shell is installed below wheel hub motor, second shell is installed below first shell;Wheel hub motor one end is clamped in first shell, wheel hub motor below is provided with clamping block and first brake disc, clamping block below is provided with fixed block, fixed groove is set up on first brake disc, fixed block is clamped in fixed groove, first brake disc below is equipped with pressure plate;Second shell is clamped in support sleeve, support sleeve below is provided with fan blade, top is provided with brake assembly, rotation block and connecting block are provided in support sleeve.The component is through brake assembly, realizes the brake operation to wheel hub motor, improves brake effect, makes vehicle travel safer;Through fan blade, can accelerate heat dissipation, reduce brake assembly heat accumulation, so that component performance is more stable.

The application relates to an AMT gearbox gear position switching method and device in a constant-speed braking mode, and belongs to the technical field of auxiliary driving, wherein the AMT gearbox gear position switching method in the constant-speed braking mode comprises the following steps: in the case that a vehicle meets the precondition of the constant-speed braking mode, it is determined whether the constant-speed braking mode is triggered; in the case that it is determined that the constant-speed braking mode is triggered, the vehicle speed at the constant-speed braking mode triggering moment is determined as the target vehicle speed of the constant-speed braking mode; the real-time braking torque is determined based on the target vehicle speed and the real-time vehicle speed, and the target gear position is determined based on the real-time braking torque, the target vehicle speed, the real-time vehicle speed and the real-time engine rotating speed of the vehicle, so that the AMT gearbox is switched to the target gear position. The application improves the braking efficiency and braking effect in the constant-speed braking mode, meanwhile, the reasonable switching of the gear position also improves the driving experience and enhances the user satisfaction.

This utility model relates to the field of electric bicycle frame technology and discloses an electric bicycle frame with a center of gravity adjustment structure, including a front stem tube. A first adjustment mechanism is provided on the right side of the front stem tube, and a second adjustment mechanism is provided on the top of the first adjustment mechanism. The first adjustment mechanism includes a crossbeam, which is fixedly connected to the front and rear sides of the front stem tube. A rear stem tube is fixedly connected to the inner side of the crossbeam, and a middle tube is fixedly connected to the bottom left side of the rear stem tube. In use, by using the first adjustment mechanism, when the rider is carrying passengers of different weights or loading goods, turning the knob can cause the threaded rod to drive the moving platform to move left and right along the slide bar, thereby adjusting the front and rear positions of the rear seat and the load above it, effectively changing the center of gravity distribution of the whole vehicle, avoiding the risk of vehicle tilting and tipping due to excessive center of gravity shift, especially in situations such as turning and sudden braking, allowing the vehicle to maintain a more stable posture.

The invention discloses an Ansys thermosetting coupling analysis method for a brake disc based on Spaceclaim, relates to the technical field of brake disc thermosetting coupling simulation, and aims at solving the problems that an existing racing car brake disc thermosetting coupling analysis method is complex in working condition, large in calculation amount and not easy to operate. The method is technically characterized by comprising the steps that firstly, a brake disc and friction plate model is established and imported into finite element analysis software Ansys, materials are selected for the brake disc and the friction plate, material attributes are input, and the step number and time are set; 2, boundary conditions are applied, force generated by braking is regarded as a linear process, and braking force is applied; step 3, repairing the distorted grid; 4, defining a contact surface as friction, a formula as a generalized Lagrangian method, updating rigidity as each iteration, and the rest as program control, setting a connection mode as geometry-ground, and a type as revolution; and 5, temperature distribution and deformation quantity are obtained through thermosetting coupling analysis.

The utility model relates to a tread pattern structure of a medium-short distance all-steel truck radial tire, which is characterized in that three rows of Z-shaped zigzag grooves in the same direction are distributed on a tire tread along the circumferential direction of the tire tread, and main pattern blocks with irregular pentagonal structures are distributed between the adjacent Z-shaped zigzag grooves to form two rows of blocky pattern columns; an inclined shallow groove is formed between every two adjacent main pattern blocks in each row. And the main pattern blocks in the block-shaped pattern columns on the two sides of the central zigzag groove are reversely arranged in a staggered manner along the circumferential direction. A plurality of stone discharging blocks are arranged at the bottom of the Z-shaped zigzag ditch in the extending direction of the Z-shaped zigzag ditch, and the stone discharging blocks comprise main stone discharging blocks and auxiliary stone discharging blocks which are sequentially and alternately connected. A plurality of knife-shaped shallow grooves are evenly distributed in the shoulder portions of the tire tread, a plurality of block-shaped heat dissipation square grooves are evenly distributed below the two shoulder portions of the tire tread, and a plurality of exhaust holes are evenly distributed in the peripheries of the main pattern blocks. Compared with the prior art, the tire tread pattern structure disclosed by the utility model has the advantages of low rolling resistance, strong road holding force, good stone discharging performance and the like.

The utility model discloses a kind of anti-slip devices of mine car, it is related to mine transport safety technical field, including transport shovel car body structure, clamping structure and anti-slip structure, the clamping structure is arranged at the bottom end of transport shovel car body structure, the anti-slip structure is arranged above clamping structure, the clamping structure is used to the fixed effect to anti-slip structure, the anti-slip structure is used to prevent the situation that transport shovel car body structure occurs slip slope. The utility model can avoid the situation that transport shovel car body structure occurs slip car by resisting strip, prevent slip car can effectively avoid hitting surrounding operating personnel, guarantee personnel life safety. Preventing slip car can also avoid unnecessary property loss caused by hitting accessory equipment. Moreover, preventing slip car can also reduce the burden of component, prolong the service life of equipment, to reduce maintenance cost.

The present disclosure provides an EBD fault adaptive fault-tolerant control method and system, which comprises: collecting vehicle braking related parameters; judging the EBD fault type through cross verification, model prediction residual analysis and CAN communication threshold comparison of the braking related parameters respectively; calculating the fault error corresponding to the EBD fault type, judging the EBD fault level based on the fault error corresponding to the EBD fault type and the preset grade interval threshold; executing the corresponding fault disposal measures according to the EBD fault level, and determining the wheel braking force distribution coefficient; adjusting the braking pump pressure of each wheel, and executing the braking force distribution coefficient. The scheme of the present disclosure can improve the braking efficiency under different EBD faults, and guarantee the braking stability and safety.

This application relates to a shift control method and device for an automatic transmission (AT) when auxiliary braking is activated. Based on the current output shaft speed signal of the transmission and the engine's rated power point speed, the lowest gear that the transmission can be downshifted to under the current operating conditions is calculated. This lowest gear is then used as the target gear for downshift control. After downshifting, the engine speed is increased to near the rated speed, placing the engine in a high-speed range and enhancing the engine's braking effect. The AT transmission employs a new shift strategy to raise the downshift point when auxiliary braking is activated, which can quickly increase engine speed and maintain the engine in a high-speed range. Simultaneously, it accelerates the retarder's oil filling, rapidly establishing braking torque and improving the braking effect of auxiliary braking, effectively protecting the safety of the vehicle and its occupants.

This invention belongs to the technical field of monorail cranes, specifically an explosion-proof lithium battery-powered monorail crane, comprising a track on which a drive vehicle and a crane are mounted; the drive vehicle has traveling wheels mounted on a drive shaft, and a drive motor is mounted on the drive vehicle to drive the traveling wheels; an auxiliary shaft with a spline connection is installed inside the drive shaft, and an auxiliary wheel is mounted on the auxiliary shaft, located between the traveling wheels and the web of the track; a hydraulic rod is mounted on the drive vehicle, and the hydraulic rod is connected to the auxiliary shaft; the surface of the lower flange is inclined, and the surfaces of the traveling wheels and the auxiliary wheel are matched with the surface of the lower flange; this invention has a simple structure, can use the auxiliary wheel and brake block to perform multi-stage braking of the crane, and isolates the traveling wheels during braking to avoid wear caused by wheel slippage, and improves braking effect.

The invention relates to a spinning position device with a housing. The spinning position device (10) for a ring spinning machine (1) comprises a spindle (20) for a bobbin (13), which is mounted in a rotationally drivable manner on a spindle rail (2), and a housing (50), which extends in the longitudinal direction of the spindle (20) and surrounds the bobbin (13), wherein the housing (50) is connected to the spindle rail (2), it being provided that the housing (50) is divided in the longitudinal direction and has a rear housing wall (51) and a front housing wall (52), wherein the front housing wall (52) can be moved into an open position, so that in the open position an operating device has access to the bobbin (13) of the spinning position device (10).

This utility model relates to the field of metal processing technology and discloses a brake locking device, including a spindle box. The spindle box contains two sets of high-efficiency braking components, which enhance the brake locking effect. A quick-release assembly is provided on the inner side of the spindle box to assist in disassembly and maintenance. This brake locking device and machine tool, by installing the high-efficiency braking components, can utilize a brake seat to provide an installation position for the inner structure. A telescopic push rod controls the outward extension of the positioning teeth. When the positioning teeth extend, they contact and embed into the tooth grooves of the gear disc, thus restricting the gear disc through this splicing method. During braking, a piston, friction plate, and positioning teeth cooperate to lock the device. The positioning teeth provide a complete locking effect rather than a deceleration effect, effectively improving the braking performance.

The application relates to a brake device, a drive axle and a vehicle, wherein the brake device comprises: a prime mover brake assembly used for providing a first type of brake force to a prime mover shaft in a vehicle; and a transmission brake assembly used for providing a second type of brake force to a transmission shaft in the vehicle; wherein the prime mover brake assembly is connected to the prime mover shaft, and the transmission brake assembly is connected to the transmission shaft. The application has the beneficial effect of providing a brake device, a drive axle and a vehicle which can meet different brake requirements by applying different brake forces to the prime mover shaft and the transmission shaft of the vehicle.