The invention provides an airport surface operation management system and method based on digital twinning, belongs to the technical field of airport surface operation management. The system comprisesan airport operation scene module, a digital twinning airport module, a business system service module and a data fusion module. According to the invention, an airport surface operation digital environment identical to the airport operation condition is constructed in real time, the target state information, the air traffic control information and the airport information are superposed to a virtual scene, the airport operation condition is visually presented in real time, and meanwhile, the video image is intelligently analyzed by using an artificial intelligence method, the functions of detection, tracking, recognition, positioning, attitude estimation, behavior estimation and the like of aircrafts, vehicles and personnel targets are automatically completed, so that the intelligent levelof video monitoring is improved, target state information on an airport scene is matched and fused with the air traffic control and airport information by using a multi-source data fusion technology,and intelligent matching and fusion between the video image and the service heterogeneous data are realized.