The invention provides an LES dual-mode rapid power grid fundamental current amplitude detection method which comprises the following steps of S1, establishing an LES filter universal model; S2, by designing different actual sampling times N and sampling periods Ts, establishing a high-speed LES filter and a low-speed LES filter; S3, respectively feeding a certain phase of power grid voltage signal into the high-speed LES filter and the low-speed LES filter, and obtaining a high-speed LES detection value and a low-speed LES detection value; S4, obtaining an absolute value of a difference value of the high-speed and low-speed LES detection values; S5, feeding the absolute value into a hysteresis comparator, if the absolute value is greater than a hysteresis upper limit, using the high-speed LES detection value as a final value for output, and if the absolute value is smaller than a hysteresis lower limit, using the low-speed LES detection value as the final value for output. According to the dual-mode rapid power grid fundamental current amplitude detection method provided by the invention, power grid fundamental current amplitude detection time is shorter than a quarter of cycle wave, and meanwhile, effectively inhibits influence of low order harmonics on detection accuracy and promotes steady state detection accuracy.