34results about How to "Variation in sensitivity" patented technology

A bandgap voltage reference circuit (1) comprises a bandgap cell (7) comprising first and second transistor stacks (8,9) of first transistors (Q1,Q2) and second transistors (Q3,Q4), respectively, arranged for developing a correcting PTAT voltage (DeltaVbe) across a primary resistor (R1) proportional to the difference in the base-emitter voltages of the first and second transistor stacks (8,9). A first current mirror circuit (10) provides PTAT currents (12 to 15) to the emitters of the first and second transistors (Q1 to Q4), and an operational amplifier (A1) maintains the voltage on the emitter of the first transistor (Q2) of the first transistor stack (8) at the same level as the resistor (R1) and sinks a PTAT current from the first current mirror circuit (10) from which the other PTAT currents are mirrored. The correcting PTAT voltage (DeltaVbe) developed across the primary resistor (R1) is scaled onto a secondary resistor (R3) and summed with the uncorrected base-emitter CTAT voltage of the first transistor (Q1) of the first transistor stack (8) for providing the voltage reference between an output terminal (5) and ground (3). A CTAT correcting current (Icr) is summed with the PTAT current (13) and applied to the emitter of the second transistor (Q3) of the second transistor stack (9) so that the correcting PTAT voltage (DeltaVbe) developed across the primary resistor (R1) has a TlnT curvature complementary to the TlnT temperature curvature of the uncorrected base-emitter CTAT voltage of the first transistor (Q1). Thus the reference voltage developed between the output terminal (5) and the ground (3) is temperature stable and TlnT temperature curvature corrected. The CTAT correcting current is derived from the base-emitter CTAT voltage of the first transistor (Q1) in a CTAT current generating circuit (12) through a second current mirror circuit (15).

A radiometer system includes a dual channel, quadrature hybrid amplifier circuit that receives an antenna signal and a known reference signal to equalize gain in two parallel gain stages. A detector circuit receives a signal from the quadrature hybrid amplifier circuit and detects the signals to form a detected output for eliminating sensitivity to gain variations, improving dynamic range of the input signal, and reducing calibration requirements. A log ratio amplifier receives and linearizes the detected output. An integrator circuit receives a signal from the log ratio amplifier and sums the signal over an observation.

The invention relates to a mechanical oscillator, in particular for watchmaking, comprising a spiral spring (1) having a number N of turns, a central end (2), an eccentric end (3) and a rotary collet (4), connected to the central end (2), comprising an orifice intended to receive an arbor for rotation about an axis (A), and a balance (7), the axis of rotation of which coincides with the rotation arbor (A), the eccentric end (3) being intended to be integral with a stationary element of the “balance-cock” type, said spiral spring (1) being made up of a single-crystal silicon (Si) core (1a) and at least one peripheral coating (1b) based on a material having a thermoelastic coefficient different from that of silicon, the single-crystal silicon (Si) being oriented along the crystallographic axis {1,1,1} to optimize the temperature coefficient of the mechanical oscillator as a whole. In addition, this invention likewise relates to a method of designing said mechanical oscillator, consisting in optimizing the temperature coefficient of the complete oscillator in order to limit its thermal drift.

In a solid-state image-sensing device, when an image sensing operation is performed in each pixel, a MOS transistor T1 is turned on and a MOS transistor T4 is turned off to make a MOS transistor T2 operate in a subthreshold region. When a reset operation is performed in each pixel, the MOS transistor T1 is turned off and the MOS transistor T4 is turned on to feed a constant voltage to the gate and drain of the MOS transistor T2. Then, the MOS transistor T4 is turned off, then the voltage at the node “a” is reset, and then a pulse signal φV is fed to a MOS transistor T5 to obtain an output. By using the thus obtained output as compensation data, variations in sensitivity among individual pixels are reduced.

Provided are an optical receiver that can realize a reduction in the variation of sensitivity in the ultraviolet light region and a reduction in noise in the visible light region and the infrared light region, a portable electronic device, and a method of producing an optical receiver. The first light-receiving device (PD1) and the second light-receiving device (PD2) of the optical receiver (1) are each constituted by forming a second conductivity-type N-type well layer (N_well) on a first conductivity-type P-type substrate (P_sub), forming a first conductivity-type P-type well layer (P_well) in the N-type well layer (N_well), and forming a second conductivity-type N-type diffusion layer (N) in the P-type well layer (P_well). The P-type substrate P_sub, the N-type well layer (N_well), and the P-type well layer (P_well) are electrically at the same potential or are short-circuited.

A micro-electromechanical resonator suspended from an anchor. The resonator has: a length; a first width at a first distance from the anchor; and a second width at a second, greater distance from the anchor. The second width is greater than the first width, and the width of the resonator tapers gradually along at least part of its length from the second width to the first width.

A method for transforming a set of spectral images, the method including: dividing the images in the set in identically arranged areas; for each of the areas, calculating a predetermined characteristic across the set of images; and, for each of the images, normalizing intensity values in each of the areas in function of the predetermined characteristic of the area. Additionally, a corresponding computer program product and a corresponding image processing system.

In a solid-state image-sensing device of the invention, for acquisition of sensed-image data, a photoelectric converter disconnecting switch is turned on to make a forcible reset switch perform resetting, then the voltage at the end of a logarithmic conversion MOS transistor that is not connected to the photoelectric converter disconnecting switch is so controlled that the logarithmic conversion MOS transistor is reset according to the threshold voltage thereof, and then an output commensurate with the amount of light incident on the photoelectric converter is delivered; for acquisition of noise data, the photoelectric converter disconnecting switch is turned on to make the forcible reset switch perform resetting, then the photoelectric converter disconnecting switch is turned off, then the voltage at the end of the logarithmic conversion MOS transistor that is not connected to the photoelectric converter disconnecting switch is so controlled that the logarithmic conversion MOS transistor is reset according to the threshold voltage thereof, and then an output unrelated to the amount of light incident on the photoelectric converter is delivered. With this sequence of operations, variations in sensitivity among individual pixels can be corrected for without irradiation with uniform light.