44 results about "Dialysis fluids" patented technology

Dialysis systems are disclosed comprising new fluid flow circuits. Systems may include blood and dialysate flow paths, where the dialysate flow path includes balancing, mixing, and / or directing circuits. Dialysate preparation may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and / or the dialyzer able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and urge blood back to the patient may be included for certain emergency situations. Fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, and mixers that can be actuated using a control fluid may be included. Control fluid may be delivered by an external pump or other device, which may be detachable and / or generally rigid, optionally with a diaphragm dividing the device into first and second compartments.

A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a housing, a dialysis fluid pump, a dual lumen patient line extending from the housing, and a filter set including a filter located along a first line. A second line of the filter set is parallel with the first line, where the first line is in fluid communication with a first lumen of the dual lumen patient line and the second line is in fluid communication with a second lumen of the dual lumen patient line. The PD system also includes a pressure sensor positioned to sense a static or substantially static negative PD fluid pressure in the first lumen while used PD fluid is pulled through the second lumen of the dual lumen patient line. A control unit is configured to use the sensed static or substantially static negative PD fluid pressure in a pressure control routine for the dialysis fluid pump.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical auxiliary instruments, and discloses a patient peritoneal dialysis training device which comprises a base frame, a Y-shaped tube and a blue clamp, the base frame is connected with an abdominal cavity model, a hook, a waste liquid bag and intelligent broadcasting equipment, the hook is used for hanging a bag body containing dialysate, and the abdominal cavity model comprises a display bottle body; the display bottle body is connected with a semi-permeable membrane and a rubber plug, the rubber plug is connected with an indwelling short tube, a Y-shaped tube is connected with the bag body, the waste liquid bag and the abdominal cavity model, a blue clip controls the pipeline circulation state of the Y-shaped tube, peritoneal dialysis operation steps and standard videos and audios are arranged in the intelligent broadcasting equipment, and the intelligent broadcasting equipment is connected with a display screen, a control knob and a loudspeaker. The display bottle body of the abdominal cavity model is filled with dialysate to simulate peritoneal dialysis operation, the operation steps and related specifications of peritoneal dialysis are output through the intelligent broadcasting equipment, peritoneal dialysis training is carried out through mutual cooperation of the display bottle body and the intelligent broadcasting equipment, the training process is visual, operation is easy, and the training effect is good.

A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a PD fluid pump, a PD fluid heater positioned and arranged to heat fresh PD fluid pumped by the PD fluid pump, and a phase change material (“PCM”) device positioned and arranged to receive fresh PD fluid heated by the PD fluid heater. The PCM device includes a PCM having a melting temperature selected so that the PCM solidifies when underheated fresh PD fluid contacts the PCM transferring heat to the underheated fresh PD fluid. Alternatively or additionally, the PD system may include a different PCM device having a PCM with a melting temperature selected so that the PCM melts when overheated fresh PD fluid contacts the PCM thereby removing heat from the overheated fresh PD fluid. A configuration for the PCM device is also disclosed.

This utility model relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to an artificial kidney dialysis solution preparation device, including a body assembly, the body assembly including a body body; two mounting slots are formed inside the body body; a synchronous drive assembly is provided at the bottom of the body body; and two permanent magnet rotors are provided at the output end of the synchronous drive assembly. This allows for the simultaneous and independent preparation of solution A and solution B, avoiding mixing and precipitation. Simultaneously, the stirring shaft inside the separate preparation tank is driven by a non-contact magnetic force transmission between the permanent magnet rotor and the permanent magnet ring, allowing the separate preparation tank to be removed from the mounting slot on the body body for easy cleaning and maintenance. Furthermore, the non-contact magnetic force transmission eliminates frictional losses associated with traditional gear or belt drives, extending equipment lifespan and reducing the risk of corrosive liquids eroding metal parts, significantly improving the working life of the preparation device.

An extracorporeal and drug delivery system includes (i) a renal failure therapy machine operable with a blood filter in fluid communication with an arterial line and a venous line, the machine including (a) an effluent pump for pumping effluent from the blood filter at an effluent flowrate, and at least one of (b) a dialysis fluid pump for pumping dialysis fluid to the blood filter at a dialysis fluid flowrate, (c) a predilution pump for pumping replacement fluid into the arterial line at a predilution flowrate, or (d) a postdilution pump for pumping replacement fluid into the venous line at a postdilution flowrate; (ii) an infusion pump operable to deliver an intravenous (“IV”) drug to the patient at an IV drug flowrate; and (iii) a coordinating logic implementor configured to adjust the IV drug flowrate based on an amount of the IV drug removed via the effluent flowrate.

A capacitive priming sensor for a medical fluid delivery system is disclosed. In an example embodiment, a priming sensor includes a housing including a recessed section configured to accept a portion of a patient tube. The housing includes a first electrode located adjacent to a portion of the patient tube when the portion of the patient tube is inserted into the housing and a second electrode located above the first electrode. The priming sensor also includes a capacitive sensor that measures a capacitance between the first electrode and the second electrode. A processor operates with the capacitive sensor and is configured to use the measured capacitance to determine a transition between a dry tube state and a wet tube state. The processor then causes a pump to stop pumping dialysis fluid through the patient tube for the priming sequence after the wet tube state is determined.

A capacitive priming sensor for a medical fluid delivery system is disclosed. In an example embodiment, a priming sensor includes a housing including a recessed section configured to accept a portion of a patient tube. The housing includes a first electrode located adjacent to a portion of the patient tube when the portion of the patient tube is inserted into the housing and a second electrode located above the first electrode. The priming sensor also includes a capacitive sensor that measures a capacitance between the first electrode and the second electrode. A processor operates with the capacitive sensor and is configured to use the measured capacitance to determine a transition between a no-tube state and a dry tube state. The processor then causes a pump to pump dialysis fluid through the patient tube for a priming sequence after the dry tube state is determined

Dialysis systems are disclosed comprising new fluid flow circuits. Systems may include blood and dialysate flow paths, where the dialysate flow path includes balancing, mixing, and / or directing circuits. Dialysate preparation may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and / or the dialyzer able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and urge blood back to the patient may be included for certain emergency situations. Fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, and mixers that can be actuated using a control fluid may be included. Control fluid may be delivered by an external pump or other device, which may be detachable and / or generally rigid, optionally with a diaphragm dividing the device into first and second compartments.

A dialysis machine operable with a disposable set having at least one container, the dialysis machine including a pump actuator operable to pump dialysis fluid to and / or from the at least one container; a weigh plate positioned to support the at least one container; a plurality of operational load cells positioned to support the weigh plate; a linear actuator positioned to apply a force to the weigh plate; a calibration load cell positioned to measure the force applied by the linear actuator; and a control unit in operable communication with the operational load cells, the linear actuator and the calibration load cell, the control unit configured to cause the linear actuator to apply the force to the weigh plate, compare resulting outputs from the operational load cells and the calibration load cell, and determine a calibration factor from the comparison for offsetting future outputs from the operational load cells.

The utility model discloses a semipermeable membrane endotoxin transfer test device, including base, conical test tube, first peristaltic pump and hemodialyzer, the both sides of base upper end are welded with the support, and the support on both sides are in sliding connection with a plurality of clamping blocks, the both sides of base upper end are placed with a pair of conical test tube, the first peristaltic pump is placed on the first peristaltic pump, and the hemodialyzer is placed on the first peristaltic pump. A hose is plugged into the conical test tube on one side, the outer wall of the hose is connected with a first peristaltic pump, and the tail end of the hose is connected with a hemodialyzer. When the testing device for detecting transference of endotoxin in the semipermeable membrane is used, the hemodialyzer, the branch pipe butt joint, the vertical pipeline, the hose and the first peristaltic pump form a dialysate dialysis chamber, and endotoxin in dialysate has inward driving force by utilizing pressure difference and can enter a blood chamber to circulate through the dialysis membrane (semipermeable membrane). If the endotoxin is detected in the blood chamber, the endotoxin passes through the semi-permeable membrane, the micro-pore diameter of the semi-permeable membrane is too large, the passing of the endotoxin cannot be limited by the semi-permeable membrane at the moment, and the product is an unqualified product.

The application discloses an automatic liquid changing device for peritoneal dialysis, which comprises a base, a machine body, a control console and a sealing cover. The device uses a water pump to send the dialysis liquid in the containing bin to the patient's abdominal cavity through two connecting pipes to complete the automatic liquid changing function. When the connecting pipe extracts the dialysis liquid, the dialysis liquid moves upwards along the embedded head, opens the opening and closing sheet, and enters the extraction block. Part of the dialysis liquid enters the upward pipe, and the other part passes through the blocking side wing, so that the dialysis liquid is pushed to move upwards and be extracted. After the dialysis is completed, the dialysis liquid is no longer extracted, and part of the dialysis liquid flows downwards under the action of gravity, so that the resistance of falling is increased through the one-way groove, the blocking side wing is reattached to the inner wall of the extraction head, the blocking ball closes the upward groove, and thus the part of the dialysis liquid is prevented from reentering the patient's body due to gravity.

Dialysis systems are disclosed comprising new fluid flow circuits. Systems may include blood and dialysate flow paths, where the dialysate flow path includes balancing, mixing, and / or directing circuits. Dialysate preparation may be decoupled from patient dialysis. Circuits may be defined within one or more cassettes. The fluid circuit fluid flow paths may be isolated from electrical components. A gas supply in fluid communication with the dialysate flow path and / or the dialyzer able to urge dialysate through the dialyzer and urge blood back to the patient may be included for certain emergency situations. Fluid handling devices, such as pumps, valves, and mixers that can be actuated using a control fluid may be included. Control fluid may be delivered by an external pump or other device, which may be detachable and / or generally rigid, optionally with a diaphragm dividing the device into first and second compartments.

A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a housing; a dialysis fluid pump housed by the housing and including a reusable pump body that accepts PD fluid for pumping; a dialysis fluid inline heater housed by the housing and including a reusable heater body that accepts PD fluid for heating; at least one reusable PD fluid line extending from the housing; at least one disinfection connector supported by the housing and configured to accept one of the at least one reusable PD fluid line; and a control unit configured to run a disinfection sequence after a PD treatment, wherein each of the at least one reusable PD fluid line is connected to one of the at least one disinfection connectors, and wherein at least one of the dialysis fluid pump or the dialysis fluid inline heater is actuated by the control unit during the disinfection sequence.

The invention provides a wearable biomechanical artificial kidney hemodialysis device. The wearable biomechanical artificial kidney hemodialysis device comprises a vascular access artery end and a vascular access vein end, the patient blood circulation unit comprises a first dialyzer, and the other ends of the blood outlet pipe and the blood return pipe are connected with the vascular access artery end and the vascular access vein end respectively; the in-vitro active kidney artery and vein ends of the in-vitro active kidney circulation unit are connected with two ports of the second dialyzer respectively to form an in-vitro active kidney blood circulation channel, and an in-vitro active kidney ureter is connected with the waste liquid storage device. The dialysis fluid and the exchange fluid are filtered and purified through the in-vitro kidney and then recycled, toxins are finally discharged out of the body through urine generated after in-vitro kidney filtration and reabsorption, a large amount of dialysis fluid is not needed in the treatment process, a large amount of waste liquid is not generated, the effectiveness and convenience of dialysis are completely met, and the treatment cost is reduced. The patient can be separated from the constraint of a dialysis chamber, a large dialysis machine and a water treatment system; the device is convenient to carry, high in practicability, remarkable in effect and worthy of popularization.

A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) system includes a patient line connector having a patient line recirculation cap to enable PD fluid to be recirculated through the patient line connector when sealingly capped by the patient line recirculation cap. The PD system also includes a drain line connector having a drain line recirculation cap enabling PD fluid to be recirculated through the drain line connector when sealingly capped by the drain line recirculation cap. The PD system further includes a dialysis fluid inline heater in fluid communication with a PD fluid side of at least one fixed volume chamber and a control unit configured to run a heat cleaning sequence after a PD treatment. For the heat cleaning sequence, the patient line connector is capped by the patient line recirculation cap and the drain line connector is capped by the drain line recirculation cap.

The application discloses a peritoneal dialysis catheter intelligent metering and clamping device, which comprises a structural shell provided with a catheter embedding groove, and a clamping buckle is arranged on the structural shell at the opening side of the embedding groove; the structural shell is integrated with a clamping execution and flow rate control module, a flow monitoring module and a data processing module; the clamping execution and flow rate control module is used for controlling the filling speed, dosage and on-off of a filling pipe or a drainage catheter; the flow monitoring module is used for monitoring the drainage flow of dialysate in a drainage pipeline; the data processing module is used for controlling the opening and closing of various electrical elements and the conversion of flow data; a power supply unit is used for the power supply of the whole device; the structural shell is provided with a touch module used for controlling the opening and closing and adjustment of the clamping execution and flow rate control module and a display module used for the intuitive display of flow rate and flow data. The application is convenient for operators to carry and has few operation environment restrictions, is suitable for various scenes, meets the effective clamping and drainage metering of patients with poor eyesight, insufficient hand strength and poor self-care ability in the peritoneal dialysis treatment process, and has high practicability.

The invention aims to provide an auxiliary device for changing peritoneal dialysis fluid, and relates to the technical field of medical instruments, a medical infusion monitor, a collecting box, a fluid storage tank and a support frame are detachably mounted on an infusion support, the infusion support is communicated with the fluid storage tank through a drip cup, and a heating base is arranged in the fluid storage tank to heat and preserve heat of new fluid in the fluid storage tank; the dripping speed in the drip cup can be monitored through the medical infusion monitor, and the new liquid changing speed can be controlled through the flow speed controller; the flow monitor is arranged in the collecting box, so that the speed of discharging the waste liquid can be monitored, and the speed of discharging the waste liquid can be adjusted through the flow speed controller on the collecting box; discomfort and even injury of a patient caused by too high and too low speed of changing new liquid and too high and too low speed of discharging waste liquid are avoided; the two clamps on the support frame can respectively clamp the outer end of the catheter with the screwed-off iodophor cap and the liquid changing connecting pipe, so that a connector is prevented from being polluted.

A CRRT apparatus comprising a control unit configured to execute a flow-rate setup procedure by receiving a patient prescription comprising clinical prescription parameters, by allowing entry of a set value for a prescribed dialysis dose (Dset) to be delivered, and of a target value for a parameter (nNBL; CpHCO3_PAT) indicative of a steady state acid-base balance in the blood of the patient who has to undergo a CRRT blood treatment, and by determining operating parameters calculating a set value of relevant fluid flow rates including one or more of a fluid flow rate (Qcit) through the anticoagulant infusion line, a fluid flow rate (QPBP) through the PBP infusion line, a fluid flow rate (Qrep.pre) through the pre-dilution infusion line, a fluid flow rate (Qrep.post) through the post-dilution infusion line, a fluid flow rate (QHCO3) through the post-dilution bicarbonate infusion line, a fluid flow rate (Qca) through the ion balancing infusion line, a blood fluid flow rate (Qb) through the extracorporeal blood circuit, a fluid flow rate (Qdial) through the dialysis liquid supply line, and a fluid flow rate (Qeff) through the effluent fluid line, wherein calculating the set value of the fluid flow rates is based at least on the set value of the prescribed dialysis dose (Dset) and on the target value for the parameter (nNBL; CpHCO3_PAT) indicative of a steady state acid-base balance in the blood.

An extracorporeal and drug delivery system includes: (i) a renal failure treatment machine operable with a blood filter in fluid communication with an arterial line and a venous line, the machine including: (a) an effluent pump for pumping effluent from the blood filter at an effluent flow rate; and at least one of: (b) a dialysis fluid pump for pumping dialysis fluid to the blood filter at a dialysis fluid flow rate; (c) a pre-dilution pump for pumping replacement fluid into the arterial line at a pre-dilution flow rate; or (d) a post-dilution pump for pumping replacement fluid into the venous line at a post-dilution flow rate; (ii) an infusion pump operable to deliver an intravenous ("IV") drug to a patient at an IV drug flow rate; and (iii) a coordination logic implementer configured to adjust the IV drug flow rate based on an amount of the IV drug removed via the effluent flow rate.

A peritoneal dialysis (“PD”) machine includes a water pump; a concentrate pump; a water valve, and an inlet to the water valve positioned to receive purified water; a concentrate valve, and an inlet to the concentrate valve positioned to receive PD fluid concentrate; a mixing line located downstream from the water pump and the a concentrate pump; a conductivity sensor positioned to sense mixed purified water and PD fluid concentrate that form fresh PD fluid; a flexible patient line configured to bring fresh PD fluid to and remove used PD fluid from a patient; and a control unit configured to control the water pump, the concentrate pump, the water valve and the concentrate valve, to receive an output from the conductivity sensor, and to run a disinfection sequence in which (i) the inlet to the concentrate valve alternatively receives disinfectant or (ii) the flexible patient line alternatively receives disinfectant.

Methods and drain systems for fluid flow monitoring and remote draining are described. In one example, the present disclosure describes a medical device drain system for monitoring, measuring, or otherwise managing the drainage of medical waste fluids, for instance, spent dialysate exiting a patient during a dialysis treatment. In some embodiments, the dialysis system may be a peritoneal dialysis (PD) system, including a gravity-based dialysis system, an APD system and / or a CAPD dialysis system. The drain system may include sensors for determining properties of the fluid drained from a patient. The drain system may include a remote liquid pump system configured to allow for pump-based draining of fluid from a patient to a drain located remote from the patient. The remote liquid pump system may be configured to receive at least one wireless signal to operate at a remote distance from the medical device. Other embodiments are described.

The utility model discloses a puncture device which comprises a needle cylinder, a liquid collecting bottle is arranged on one side of the needle cylinder, a needle body is arranged on one side of the liquid collecting bottle, a first catheter and a second catheter are fixed and communicated on the liquid collecting bottle, one end of the needle cylinder is fixed and communicated with a cylinder cap, the first catheter is inserted into the cylinder cap, and one end of the needle body is fixed and communicated with a needle cap. The second catheter is inserted into the needle cap, and an exhaust pipe is fixed and communicated with the outer side of the needle cylinder. The piston rod is pulled to drive the piston to move, negative pressure is formed in the needle cylinder when the piston moves, at the moment, the second sealing plug blocks the second air hole, and when the first sealing plug does not block the first air hole any more, air in the needle body and the liquid collecting bottle is pumped into the needle cylinder, so that pleural effusion, ascites, pericardial effusion, pleural dialysis liquid and the like are pumped into the liquid collecting bottle, and the liquid collecting effect is achieved. And the liquid cannot directly enter the needle cylinder, namely, the needle cylinder cannot be polluted, so that the needle cylinder can be repeatedly used.

The utility model relates to a backpack portable peritoneal dialyzer, and belongs to the technical field of medical treatment. The backpack portable peritoneal dialyzer comprises a battery and circuit system, a driving system, a pipeline reversing system, a urease adsorption system, a zirconium phosphate adsorption system, an activated carbon adsorption system, a wearing system, a plurality of shells, pipelines and connectors, and the wearing system comprises a backpack, a waste liquid recycling bag, a dialysate adding bag and a dialysate bag. According to the utility model, postures such as hiking movement, sitting and the like of a patient are comprehensively considered, and the patient is treated on the premise of not influencing the movement of the chronic kidney disease patient to the greatest extent, so as to meet the requirements of the patient on activities which spend a large amount of time cost, such as business trip, travel and study.

The invention relates to the technical field of peritoneal dialysis, and discloses an automatic negative pressure peritoneal dialysis solution exchanger which comprises a machine body box, a first cavity is formed in the left side of an inner cavity of the machine body box, a second cavity is formed in the right side of the inner cavity of the machine body box, and a positioning box is slidably mounted on the lower end face of the machine body box. The exchange mechanisms are arranged on the left and right sides of the side wall of the positioning box; the top cover is detachably mounted on the upper end surface of the machine body box; the adjusting mechanism is arranged on the side wall of the top cover; and the heating mechanism is arranged in an inner cavity of the first cavity and an inner cavity of the second cavity. According to the peritoneal dialysis device, by arranging the exchange mechanism, dialysate can be stably pumped into the abdomen of a patient, drainage liquid can be pumped out at the same time, the safety performance of the patient during self dialysis is improved, by arranging the heating mechanism, the pumped dialysate can be heated, and the situation that the peritoneal dialysis effect is reduced due to the fact that too cold dialysate enters the abdomen of the patient is avoided.

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a peritoneal dialysis connecting instrument for the kidney internal medicine department, which comprises a three-way pipe, a catheter is connected to a middle pipeline of the three-way pipe, a connecting pipe is connected to one end, far away from the three-way pipe, of the catheter, and a built-in pipe is arranged at the other end of the connecting pipe; an exhaust assembly is arranged in the connecting pipe, and butt joint assemblies are arranged at the two ends of the connecting pipe. Compared with the prior art, the exhaust assembly is arranged in the middle of the connecting pipe, the position of the movable plate is changed by rotating a rotary knob during infusion, air in a pipeline enters the air bag, then the movable plate is driven to reset under the rebound effect of a torsional spring, and dialysate can flow into the built-in pipe through the connecting pipe; the purpose of independently absorbing and eliminating air in the pipeline is achieved, the air is prevented from entering the body of a patient during infusion, and discomfort of the patient is reduced.

A dialysis machine operable with a disposable set having at least one container, the dialysis machine including a pump actuator operable to pump dialysis fluid to and / or from the at least one container; a weigh plate positioned to support the at least one container; a plurality of operational load cells positioned to support the weigh plate; a linear actuator positioned to apply a force to the weigh plate; a calibration load cell positioned to measure the force applied by the linear actuator; and a control unit in operable communication with the operational load cells, the linear actuator and the calibration load cell, the control unit configured to cause the linear actuator to apply the force to the weigh plate, compare resulting outputs from the operational load cells and the calibration load cell, and determine a calibration factor from the comparison for offsetting future outputs from the operational load cells.

A peritoneal dialysis ("PD") system includes a dialysis fluid pump having a reusable pump body that accepts PD fluid for pumping; a dialysis fluid inline heater including a reusable heater body that accepts PD fluid for heating; a patient line connector; a drain line connector; a first reusable PD fluid line including a first connector configured to mate with the patient line connector; a second reusable PD fluid line including a second connector configured to mate with the drain line connector; and a control unit configured to run a heat cleaning (e.g., heat disinfection or heat sterilization) sequence after PD treatment, wherein the first connector of the first reusable PD fluid line is mated with the patient line connector, the second connector of the second reusable PD fluid line is mated with the drain line connector, and the dialysis fluid pump and perhaps the dialysis fluid inline heater are actuated.

A medical fluid control port assembly is disclosed. The medical fluid control port assembly eliminates contamination of a fluid path in peritoneal dialysis solution containers by incorporating ways to operate fluid flow without using a frangible. The disclosed fluid control port assembly is made up of an upper stem and a lower stem. The upper stem has a male threaded portion configured for mating to the lower stem having a female threaded portion. The upper stem has at least two snapfit ridges and the lower stem has at least one snapfit ridge. The snapfit ridges are provided to lock the fluid control port in a closed configuration to restrict fluid flow, or in an open configuration to initiate fluid flow. The control port is configured to allow a patient to use their fingers to rotate the upper stem and lower stem during dialysis therapy to easily control fluid flow.

The adapter of the peritoneal dialysis catheter comprises an adapter body, a three-way connector and a sealing cover body, the left end of the adapter body is connected with the peritoneal dialysis catheter and a knob switch, the knob switch is arranged outside the peritoneal dialysis catheter in a sleeved mode, and a body connecting part is arranged at the right end of the adapter body; a three-way connecting cavity is formed in the left end of the three-way connector, and the body connecting part of the adapter body can be detachably connected with the sealing cover body or detachably connected with the three-way connecting cavity of the three-way connector; the device further comprises a dialysate injector, the dialysate injector is provided with an injector cavity, the injector cavity can be detachably connected with the body connecting part, and the right end of the injector cavity is connected with at least two dialysate injection pipes used for being connected with injectors in an inserted mode. According to the adapter, the body connecting part of the adapter body can be prevented from being touched when a worker injects dialysate through an injector, the body connecting part is prevented from being polluted by hands, meanwhile, a plurality of injectors can be connected in an inserted mode at a time, and convenience of dialysate injection is greatly improved.