The invention discloses a settlement sensor based on a
sensitization structure and a measuring method, the sensor comprises a settlement sensor shell, the
sensitization structure and a Fabry-Perot interference cavity, the
sensitization structure and a transmission
optical fiber are fixed at the top in the settlement sensor shell, and the
optical fiber is not in contact with the sensitization structure; a floater is fixed at the bottom of the sensitization structure and is inserted into the liquid; the reflector at the top of the floater serves as a second reflection point, the end face of the
optical fiber serves as a first reflection point, and a Fabry-Perot interference cavity is formed between the two reflection points; when the settlement amount changes, the liquid level in the settlement sensor changes, the
buoyancy applied to the floater changes, the sensitization structure deforms after being stressed, the length of the Fabry-Perot interference cavity is changed, and the displacement distance of the second reflection point is measured through the Fabry-Perot interference cavity, so that the liquid level change amount and the settlement amount are determined. The method has the advantages of being high in
measurement precision, good in long-term stability, free of
electromagnetic interference and the like, and is suitable for settlement monitoring of
electric power infrastructures, including differential settlement of structures such as
pipe galleries and
hydropower stations.