The invention relates to a double-precision floating point extraction operation method and system. The method comprises the steps that 1, a 64-bit double-precision floating point number is disintegrated into sign bits, orders and mantissa, a positive/negative value of a to-be-extracted number is judged based on the sign bits, exponent parity of the to-be-extracted number is judged based on the orders, the mantissa is shifted according to the exponent parity, and the sign bits and exponents obtained after operation are stored into an RAM; 2, the mantissa part of the to-be-extracted number is input into an extraction module, extraction operation is performed on a magnified 106-bit fixed-point number through a CORDIC algorithm, a correction coefficient K value is processed through shift operation in an FPGA, an auxiliary parameter COMPLE is calculated according to the value of the mantissa, and meanwhile repeated iteration is performed during partial iterative operation (i,3i+1 times) inoperation of the 106-bit fixed-point number; and 3, arithmetic square roots of the mantissa are output, and after special values are isolated, the rest is combined with the sign bits and the exponentsin the RAM to complete double-precision floating point number extraction operation. Through the double-precision floating point extraction operation method and system, operation efficiency can be substantially improved.