161 results about "Difference function" patented technology

A method and apparatus for improved monitoring the operational state of instrumented systems is provided. An empirical model characterizes normal or desirable operation of the system, and real-time observations are provided to the model to generate estimates of expected sensor values. Comparison of the estimates with the real-time observations provides advanced warning of discrepancies in the operational state of the instrumented system. The invention provides for incipient failure detection, sensor failure detection and incipient process upset. An improved similarity operator provides for estimates that are not impaired by real-time observations at or beyond the limits of modeled data. The similarity operator comprises a difference function added to a constant, and the result is inverted.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for detecting arc faults. For some embodiments, arc faults are detected from waveforms that are acquired and processed, preferably using an Average Magnitude Difference Function (AMDF). The characteristics of the waveform provide an indication of whether or not an arcing fault occurred.

Methods and systems for analysing data from a monitoring system for monitoring characteristics of a dynamic system, said monitoring system providing characteristic data in respect of a dynamic system with at least one known normal state, the analysis system comprising: means (100) for receiving characteristic data from the monitoring system, means (101) for receiving confirmation information from an operator when the dynamic system is in a known normal state, normality modelling means (105) for deriving a normality model comprising data indicative of known normal states in response to received characteristic data and confirmation information, prediction generating means (105) for predicting future characteristic data from the normality model, difference function providing means (105) for providing a difference function indicating an acceptable difference between predicted and received characteristic data, and comparison means (105) for comparing predicted characteristic data with received characteristic data in conjunction with the difference function and producing an abnormality signal if the difference exceeds the difference function.

The invention relates to a test method for a J-R resistance curve of a high-toughness material. The method comprises the steps of sample processing, three point bending test, determination of crack length, calculation of J-integration at every load, establishment of a difference function, recursive calculation of crack length and p-V data pairs and construction of the J-R resistance curve. According to the invention, an extensometer is not employed for testing opening displacement and unloading flexibility of a crack mouth; instead, a testing machine is used for direct acquisition of deformation of a three point bending sample and a load-displacement curve in the whole process of fracture; then, the J-R resistance curve of the material is obtained through a series of calculation; therefore, the problem of restriction of testing apparatuses caused by large deformation of a sample in the testing of high-toughness materials is overcome, a J-R resistance curve in the situation of expandedlong size crack is measured, and the test method is applicable to measuring of J-R resistance curves of samples at different temperature and with different dimension.

There is provided a seismic imaging technology for imaging a subsurface structure by processing measured data reflected from the subsurface structure after a wave from a source wave has been propagated to the subsurface structure. According to an aspect, there is provided a seismic imaging method for obtaining imaging data of a subsurface structure through waveform inversion using a macro-velocity model as an initial value, wherein the macro-velocity model which is used as the initial value for the waveform inversion is calculated by: calculating a velocity difference function which is a difference between a real velocity and an initial velocity model, wherein the velocity difference function is a ratio of measured seismic scattered energy and modeled scattered energy based on the initial velocity model; and calculating the macro-velocity model by updating the initial velocity model with the velocity difference function.

The region extraction unit extracts lung regions from three-dimensional images of a plurality of time phases, the alignment unit aligns pixel position in the lung region extracted from each three-dimensional image between the three-dimensional images. This calculates a displacement vector field at each time phase of the three-dimensional images. The function generation unit calculates a local ventilation volume function representing a temporal change in ventilation volume at each point in the displacement vector field, and the quantification unit calculates a difference function, which is a function of difference values between the local ventilation volume function and benchmark ventilation volume function, as a quantitative value representing a difference between the local ventilation volume function and the benchmark ventilation volume function. The display control unit displays lung VR images on which the difference function is mapped on the display in time series order.

The invention discloses an oblique incident ultrasonic synthetic aperture focusing-based thick wall structure defect detection method, and belongs to the technical field of nondestructive detection. The method comprises the following steps: a thick wall structure test block is detected through using a phased array electron scanning function by using an ultrasonic detection system comprising a phased array ultrasonic flaw detector, a phased array ultrasonic probe and an oblique organic glass wedge in order to obtain the A scanning signal set of all phased array elements; the Fermat's theorem is used to solve the emission point positions of all the phased array elements and image reconstruction points in the wedge/test block interface, and all A scanning signals undergo time delaying and amplitude superposing processing; and the processed A scanning signals undergo Hilbert transformation, and a difference function is used to obtain a reconstructed ultrasonic detection B scanning image. The method has the advantages of high defect detection resolution, large detection range, detection efficiency increase, and provision of an effective solving technology for the nondestructive detection problem of the defect of a thick wall structure. The method also can be embedded to the flaw detector to realize automatic real-time imaging, and has high engineering application values.

The invention is applicable to the technical field of image and video processing, and provides a method and device for detecting the flicker of a light source in a video sequence and an image processing device. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring a previous frame image and a current frame image; Extracting brightness information of a previous frame image and brightness information of a current frame image, and calculating a brightness line average value of the previous frame image and a brightness line average value of the current frame image; Calculating a difference function of a luminance line average value of a previous frame image and a luminance line average value of a current frame image, and integrating the difference function point by point to obtain a flicker characteristic component; Analyzing the scintillation characteristic component to obtain an analysis result; According to the analysis results and the preset flicker frequency threshold value, whetherthe current frame image has flicker phenomenon or not is judged. The invention can detect whether the flicker phenomenon caused by the artificial light source exists in the video sequence, has low time complexity and high detection accuracy, does not require the detected frame image to be a still frame image, and can be applied to the flicker detection of the light source in the moving video sequence.

The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for processing difference in version iteration. The method comprises: obtaining differentiated information of a target version source relative to an old version source file; obtaining a difference function and function call information of the difference function by matching identifications in the differentiated information, wherein the identification is used to mark the difference function; and generating a difference function call relation chain according to the difference function and the function call information of the difference function. According to the difference function call relation chain between the target version source file and the old version source file, difference due to version iteration, and the influence of the difference on the target version source file, namely, the difference function and the function call information corresponding to the difference function are obtained, so that influence positioning generated by the difference is based on function granularity, and the influence caused by version iteration is reflected on the function level; and in addition, the difference function call relation chain for reflecting the influence caused by version iteration is free from artificial experience, so that high accuracy is ensured.

The invention provides a method for detecting fatigue driving around the clock. A camera is used for acquiring a human face image to primarily position the eyes of a person; afterwards, a human eye image which is well processed by light is obtained through light preprocessing, then the human eye image is matched with a trained human eye template, and therefore the state of opening and closing of human eyes is acquired; at last, a driver is judged whether to be fatigue or not through a PERCLOS fatigue judging criterion. A light preprocessing method with the contrast ratio balanced is provided, variation of image light and dark areas is used, a convolution operation is conducted according to a convolution operation function and a Gaussian difference function, and therefore contrast ratio balance is achieved. Furthermore, the invention provides a human eye positioning method with multi-feature fusion. The advantages of various features are used, fused features can more effectively present a detected object, detecting is more accurate, and adaptability is stronger.

The invention provides a probabilistic model based automatic target tracking method for a moving camera, which comprises the following specific steps of: firstly, initializing start tracking parameters and real-time moving target tracking parameters; secondly, utilizing a speed difference function to position an initial moving area, and adopting an improved optimal clustering function to segment a moving target; thirdly, establishing a color probability histogram model for the moving target detected by the current frame and a background search window, and utilizing a posteriori probability function and a color histogram similarity function to adjust the size and position of the target; and finally, using a continuously adaptive mean shift method to find the next-frame moving target to achieve the real-time tracking of the moving target in the dynamic background. In the invention, the reliability of moving target tracking is improved, and the problems of selection of initial targets and multi-target tracking, and the problems that the target and background have the same color and the target color changes can be effectively solved under the moving camera.

A video processor uses attributes of video data to perform encoding and decoding. Some embodiments dynamically configure the processor via a sequence of instructions, where the instructions include information on the attributes of the current video data. Some embodiments include a dynamically configurable adder array that computes difference functions thereby generating error vectors. Some embodiments include a dynamically configurable adder array that computes filtering functions applied to the video data, e.g. interpolation or decimation of the incoming video prior to motion detection. Some embodiments of the invention provide dynamically configurable hardware searches, for example, for detecting motion. Some embodiments of the invention are implemented using an adaptive computing machines (ACMs). An ACM includes a plurality of heterogeneous computational elements, each coupled to an interconnection network.

The present invention relates to a multiplexer and/or demultiplexer optical component of the waveguide array spectrograph type, wherein the waveguides are numbered in order of increasing optical path length, the optical path lengths of the waveguides describing a function of waveguide number which varies about a mean linear function, a difference measured between said waveguide number function and said mean linear function describing a difference function not limited to a set of two linear functions, said difference function being suitable for giving the optical component a spectral response that is square in shape.

A system and method for displaying items by receiving a query, identifying query feature values for similarity features associated with the query, identifying items each having item feature values for similarity features thereof, for each of the identified items and for each of the similarity features, determining a feature distance between the query feature value and the item feature value, and presenting the identified items in a two dimensional array of cells. The array defines reference vectors corresponding to the similarity features. The identified items are positioned within the array relative to the origin cell, for any of the cells, by determining difference function values. for the identified items each based on the feature distances of the item, the reference vectors and the coordinates of the cell, and placing one of the items in the cell based upon the determined difference function values.

There is provided an objective lens used for three types of optical discs including by selectively using one of three types of light beams. At least one of surfaces of the objective lens is provided with a first region converging the third light beam on a recoding surface of the third optical disc. The first region has a step structure configured to have concentric refractive surface zones and to give an optical path length difference to an incident beam at each step formed between adjacent refractive surface zones. The step structure is configured such that the optical path length difference given by each step is substantially equal to an odd multiple of a wavelength of a first light beam, and a value of differentiation of an optical path difference function defining the step structure crosses zero in a height ranging from 30% to 70% of an effective diameter of the first region.

The invention discloses an algorithm for estimating a pitch period of a voice signal and relates to the field of voice signal processing. The algorithm comprises the following steps of: 1, denoising a voice signal with noise through an adaptive filter; 2, determining a self-correlation function of the denoised voice signal and a cyclic average magnitude difference function; and 3, obtaining a weighted square characteristic value through a formula, wherein alpha, beta and gamma are constants which are respectively more than 1, R (k) is the self-correlation function, and the D (k) is the average magnitude difference function. By the algorithm, the pitch period can be effectively detected in the environment with a low signal to noise ratio, the extraction errors are reduced, octave or semioctave errors are reduced, the estimation accuracy of a pitch is improved when the algorithm is sensitive to change of an amplitude or frequency of the voice signal, and the robustness is high.

The invention discloses a water pump cavitation measuring method. For an eccentric water pump, a fluid pressure fluctuation signal acquired in a certain time period at the pump inlet is subject to EMD (empirical mode decomposition) so as to obtain an IMF (intrinsic mode function) component with different frequency components, thus further identifying whether cavitation occurs. The water pump cavitation measuring method comprises the following steps: assigning the fluid pressure fluctuation signal to an intermediate function; constructing an upper-lower envelope curve function by using all local maximum values and local minimum values of the intermediate function; obtaining an average envelop function and a difference function between the intermediate function and the average envelop function; judging whether the difference function meets the IMF condition of an intrinsic mode signal; if the difference function meets the IMF condition, obtaining an IMF component; otherwise, updating the intermediate function with the difference function, repeating the processes until the IMF components are obtained; and updating the intermediate function with the remaining components, and repeatingthe processes again until enough IMF components are obtained. By using the water pump cavitation measuring method, the cavitation measurement determinacy is improved, and the basis is laid for water pump re-design and prevention of further fault development.

The present invention discloses an ambiguity fixing method and system based on semi-cycle ambiguity. The method comprises establishing a double difference function model based on a predetermined non-difference function model; performing semi-cycle ambiguity solution on the established double difference function model, and converting a semi-cycle-containing ambiguity vector into a whole cycle ambiguity vector through conversion, so as to obtain a resolving model having a fixable whole-cycle double-difference ambiguity vector; and realizing fixation of whole cycle ambiguity according to the resolving model. Through the above scheme, as for the real-time kinematic (RTK) technology, fixation of the ambiguity is completed before polarity judgment is completed, and the RTK initialization time is shortened.

The invention discloses a range finding method for a single-phase earth fault of a line based on actual measurement of transition resistance. The method includes the steps of measuring fault phase voltage, fault phase current, fault phase negative sequence current and zero sequence current at the protective installation part of a power transmission line, describing the physical characteristics of voltage and current transmission of the power transmission line by using a distributed parameter model, calculating the transition resistance at the single-phase earth fault point of the power transmission line, and sequentially calculating the transition resistance and transition resistance difference function value of each point on the power transmission line by using a one-dimensional searching method. Accurate range finding for the single-phase earth fault of the power transmission line is realized by using the characteristic that the transition resistance difference function value at the fault point of the power transmission line reaches the minimal value, which theoretically eliminating the influence of the factors including distribution capacitance, transition resistor and load current, and ensuring high range finding precision. The method is a searching method which means no false solution problem of equation solving methods and misconvergence problems of iterative methods, and the method is highly practical.

The present invention relates to an image processing apparatus, which calculates the histogram of an image on the basis of moving image information that is input in real time, and corrects and outputs the brightness of the image using the histogram in real time. The apparatus for controlling the brightness of moving image signals according to the present invention includes a cumulative difference function detection means, an image storage means and a brightness adjustment means. The cumulative difference function detection means calculates a cumulative difference function using upper n bits of each input image. The image storage means stores therein the input image. The brightness adjustment means adjusts the brightness of the image in real time using the cumulative difference function calculated by the cumulative difference function detection means when the input image stored in the image storage means is displayed.

This invention is directed to an optical pickup apparatus, condensing optical system, and optical element which can at least reproduce and/or record information from/on a first optical information recording medium having a protective substrate thickness t1 by using a light beam of a first wavelength lambda1 emitted from a first light source, and reproduce and/or record information from/on a second optical information recording medium having a protective substrate thickness t2 (t2>=t1) by using a light beam of a second wavelength lambda2 (lambda2>lambda1) emitted from a second light source. The optical pickup apparatus of the invention includes a first phase modulator which gives a diffraction effect to only the light beam of the wavelength lambda1 on at least one optical surface, of a plurality of optical surfaces of a plurality of optical elements arranged on a common optical path through which the light beam of the first wavelength lambda1 and the light beam of the second wavelength lambda2 pass, and a second phase modulator which gives a diffraction effect to only the light beam of the wavelength lambda2 on at least one of the remaining optical surfaces. Each of the first phase modulator and second phase modulator has staircase-like discontinuous parts, each formed from a predetermined number of stepped portions, formed concentrically around an optical axis at the pitch defined by an optical path difference function.

A system that monitors the health of a computer system is presented. During operation, the system receives a first-difference function for the variance of a time series for a monitored telemetry variable within the computer system. The system then determines whether the first-difference function indicates that the computer system is at the onset of degradation. If so, the system performs a remedial action.

The invention discloses a method for modeling a background based on a camera response function in an automatic gain scene, which comprises the following steps of: performing automatic gain progressiveness-based analysis to obtain a roughly divided background area, obtaining low-noise training data by using a joint histogram method, and performing recovery once to obtain a globally optimal camera response function by the method based on maximum likelihood estimation and parameter constraints; online calculating a gain ratio frame by frame by utilizing correlation between a foreground and background difference and the gain ratio and the homography of a grayscale difference function relative to the gain ratio; and if the gain ratio is not 1, performing updating to obtain a background reference frame the same as a current reference frame by using the camera response function and the gain ratio, otherwise determining the background reference frame is unchanged, and obtaining the background reference frame with a gain coefficient the same as that of the current frame along with the change of the gain coefficient of a camera. By the method, the shortcomings of high background change speed, caused by difficulties in realizing automatic gain along with the camera, of the conventional methods are overcome, thereby ensuring high-efficiency motion detection.

The invention discloses a LCC-HVDC simulation model and parameter optimization method based on an inductance/capacitance switch model. An inductance/capacitance effective switch is used for LCC-HVDC modeling and simulation of a six-pluse rectification system; according to the working state of each thyristor, an instant-switching transient response, a steady state response and switching loss are obtained after analysis when the inductance/capacitance effective switch and an ideal switch are in different working states; a minimized difference function of the effective switch and the ideal switchserves as an optimal object, and model parameter optimization is achieved so that the inductance/capacitance effective switch can be approximate to the ideal switch. According to the LCC-HVDC simulation model and parameter optimization method, in the process that a power system containing a large amount of LCC-HVDC is simulated, admittance matrixes of the whole system cannot be changed along withthe on-off state of a switch original, the problem of multiple times of inversion of a large quantity of matrixes is solved accordingly, and large system simulation efficiency is improved.