The invention discloses an on-chip network router with various working modes. The on-chip network router with various working modes comprises a mode selecting module, a switch-off module and a routing module. The routing module comprises input ports, an input port control module, a buffer management module, buffer zones, a routing calculation module, an arbitration module, a cross switch module, a straight-through module and output ports. The input ports comprise the east input port, the west input port, the south input port, the north input port and the local input port. The output ports comprise the east output port, the west output port, the south output port, the north output port and the local output port. The buffer zones comprise multiple input buffer zones. The invention further discloses an on-chip network routing method with various working modes. Compared with a router of a basic structure, power consumption of the router is effectively reduced through mode switching on the premise that small-area expenses are increased, and accordingly the purpose of optimizing power consumption of a multi-core system is realized in case of dark silicon.