The invention provides a composite coloring agent and an artificial colored sand, and also provides a preparation method of the artificial colored sand. The artificial colored sand is prepared by using the composite coloring agent and broken stone sand, wherein the composite coloring agent comprises potash water glass, an aqueous resin emulsion, an inorganic acid or organic acid, a filler, a stabilizer, a curing agent, a toner and water; and the broken stone sand comprises at least one of quartz sand, basalt and calcite, and the particle size of the broken stone sand is 10-120 meshes. The composite coloring agent comprises, by mass, 280-320 parts of potash water glass, 45-55 parts of emulsion 996AD, 2.8-3.2 parts of concentrated sulfuric acid, 0.9-1.1 parts of silicate, 75-125 parts of mica powder, 435-560 parts of the toner and 40-52 parts of water; and a weight ratio of the broken stone sand to the composite coloring agent in the artificial colored sand is 980-960/20-40. The artificial colored sand has abundant colors, and is economic and environmentally-friendly.