The invention relates to the oil field sludge component detection technology and in particular to an oil field sludge multicomponent testing method. The oil field sludge multicomponent testing method can measure the content of water, oil, residue, asphalt, saturates, aromatics, colloid and paraffin in oily sludge in oil field simultaneously, has low requirement for testing instruments, has low testing cost, and can be operated simply, conveniently and rapidly; in a testing process, a dewaxing reagent and a cold bath method are used to make the testing precision of paraffin be high and achieve low toxicity and high safety for testing personnel; and besides, according to the method, a slow crystallization process in which the cooling speed of paraffin crystals is controlled is used to prolong the growth time of the paraffin crystals, so that large paraffin crystal grains can be obtained, suction filtration loss is avoided and the measurement precision is improved.