The invention discloses a satellite navigation receiver electromagnetic compatibility test device based on orthogonal signal input and a test method and belongs to the electromagnetic compatibility test field. The test device comprises a host PC, various test signal sources, an orthogonal modulation and demodulation module, a posture adjustment module, an emission/reception antenna, a combiner, a power splitter and a frequency spectrum measurement device. The test method comprises steps of generating simulation navigation signals to make a receiver operate normally, generating reference signals and interference signals and adjusting intensity according requirements, measuring strength values of the incident reference signals in different directions, contrasting strength of different antenna reception signals, analyzing zero trapping property, correcting simulation navigation signals according to the zero trapping property, using the corrected signals for tests, and determining electromagnetic compatibility of the receiver. The test device and the method are advantaged in that the reference signals are utilized to test direction property of an adaptive antenna, the orthogonal modulation method is utilized to guarantee that the reception end can separate the reference signals, test authenticity and high precision are guaranteed, and engineering realization difficulty is reduced.