The invention relates to a mobile and portable box type hydrological emergency flow measurement cableway and a rapid erection method thereof, and solves the problems that the existing hydrological emergency flow measurement cableway is insufficient in maneuverability and portability, and the measurement opportunity may be delayed. The device comprises a box body, a winding drum base is arranged at the position, close to one end, in the box body, a main winding drum and an auxiliary winding drum are coaxially arranged on the winding drum base, the shaft end of a main winding drum shaft and the shaft end of an auxiliary winding drum shaft are aligned and provided with detachable couplings, the same steel
wire rope is wound around the main winding drum and the auxiliary winding drum, and one end of the steel
wire rope is positively wound around the main winding drum; the other end of the steel
wire rope is reversely wound on the auxiliary winding drum, the middle section of the steel wire
rope is sleeved with a traction wheel, and the traction wheel is fixed on the opposite
bank of the river channel; two directional wheels are installed on the top of the end wall of the end, corresponding to the winding drum base, of the box body, and the two sections, extending out of the main winding drum and the auxiliary winding drum, of the steel wire
rope are erected on the directional wheels respectively. The hydrological emergency flow measurement cableway and components thereof are integrated in one box body, the main winding drum shaft and the auxiliary winding drum shaft can be mutually locked or separated through movement of the coupler, the hydrological cableway is rapidly erected, the steel wire
rope is tightened, and the steel wire rope runs back and forth across a river.