The invention provides a production line data acquisition and billboard management system for a manufacturing enterprise. The production line data acquisition and billboard management system for a manufacturing enterprise includes a production line data acquisition system and a billboard management system, wherein the production line data acquisition system and the billboard management system are communicated through Ethernet. The invention also provides a production line data acquisition and billboard management method for a manufacturing enterprise. The production line data acquisition and billboard management method for a manufacturing enterprise includes an MES reception process, an on-site operation management process, an MES (Manufacturing Execution System) reception logistics system, BOM (Bill of Material) and technology, information of production plan, and plan management, wherein the operation plan in plan management is issued, and then on-site operation management is executed; the on-site operation management process includes data acquisition, equipment management, tracking of articles being processed, and quality inspection recording; after collection of the quality inspection record information, quality management is performed; during the on-site operation management process, the on-site data is formed, and terminal display, LED display and system query are performed on the on-site data; the warehousing information is formed during the completion feedback process; and the warehousing information, the production plan and the logistics system are merged, and then the MES reception process begins.