Provided is a space-borne laser radar detector calibration system used for realizing calibration of the sensitivity, the linearity and the time response of detectors. The light emitted by an LED with low intensity, stable operation, and easy intensity adjustment is converted to the light irrelevant to the angle by employing an integrating sphere, the light irrelevant to the angle in the integrating sphere is coupled to an optical fiber through a coupling lens, the light in the optical fiber forms a collimated light which is easy for optical path construction through a collimating mirror, the collimated light is spitted by employing a fiber splitter, attenuated, and introduced to each detector, and the calibration of the sensitivity and the linearity is realized; and the calibration of the time response of the detectors requires a light source with ultrafast response time, a laser can generate narrow pulse with the ns-level width, time response information of the detectors can be conveniently extracted by employing the laser for generating the ns level, and the calibration of the time response is realized.