The invention discloses a fuel
cell fault diagnosis method based on fusion of a
physical model and a neural network, and belongs to the technical field of fuel
cell system monitoring and intelligent diagnosis. According to the method, in order to solve the problems that a
proton exchange membrane fuel
cell stack is complex in operation state, the
signal noise of a sensor is large, and a traditional model is difficult to reflect aging and faults in real time, the prior knowledge of a
physical model is combined with the
time sequence learning ability of a long-short-
term memory (LSTM) neural network. The method specifically comprises the following steps: synchronously inputting an
actuator or a
control signal into a real PEMFC
pile and a
physical model, and dynamically correcting
model parameters by utilizing online parameter identification; performing
anomaly detection, filtering and
smoothing on a sensor
signal, and aggregating with
observable and unobservable
process variable estimators output by the physical model to form an enhanced
feature vector; a multi-
scale sliding time window is adopted to construct a multivariable
time sequence, the multivariable
time sequence is input into a multilayer LSTM network after normalization, and network weights and adjustable parameters of a physical model are updated at the same time through a joint optimization strategy. According to the method, multiple typical faults such as flooding,
drying, air depletion and
hydrogen depletion can be diagnosed in real time in a classified mode under the dynamic working condition, health indexes such as the performance degradation rate and the
remaining life can be output, online intelligent diagnosis and life prediction of the PEMFC
pile are achieved, and the method has the advantages of being high in precision, high in robustness, capable of being deployed in an embedded mode and the like.