The invention relates to integrated high-speed remote sensing data receiving and processing equipment. When the equipment is used to receive data, satellite downlink serial data are converted into parallel data through serial-parallel conversion and are sent into a frame synchronous processing module for frame synchronous treatment, frame synchronization characters are searched, fault-tolerant parameters are calculated, frame synchronization signals are generated according to the frame length and the frame synchronization characters, and the frame synchronization signals and data frame are sent to a combined decode module. The combined decode module performs descramble, RS decoding and CRC check processing on the data frame according to the frame synchronization signals, and sends the data to a cache. The data in the cache are subjected to data synthesis and wave filtering processing to be sent into a data distribution module. The data distribution module sends the transmitted data into a load imaging and processing module for format analysis processing, performs classified processing on the data according to load category, and displays the data in real time. When the data are sent, uplink data are sent into the cache through a data distribution module, a combined coding module reads the data from the cache, performs scrambling, RS coding and CRC check processing on the data, sends the data into a parallel-serial conversion module, converts the data into the serial data and transmits the data to a satellite.