60 results about "Scalar field" patented technology

Various components of the present invention are collectively designated as Analysis of Variables Through Analog Representation (AVATAR). It is a method, processes, and apparatus for measurement and analysis of variables of different type and origin. AVATAR offers an analog solution to those problems of the analysis of variables which are normally handled by digital means. The invention allows (a) the improved perception of the measurements through geometrical analogies, (b) effective solutions of the existing computational problems of the order statistic methods, and (c) extended applicability of these methods to analysis of variables. The invention employs transformation of discrete or continuous variables into normalized continuous scalar fields, that is, into objects with mathematical properties of density and / or cumulative distribution functions. In addition to dependence on the displacement coordinates (thresholds), these objects can also depend on other parameters, including spatial coordinates (e.g., if the incoming variables are themselves scalar or vector fields), and / or time (if the variables depend on time). Moreover, this transformation of the measured variables may be implemented with respect to any reference variable. Thus, the values of the reference variable provide a common unit, or standard, for measuring and comparison of variables of different natures, for assessment of mutual dependence of these variables, and for evaluation of changes in the variables and their dependence with time. The invention enables, on a consistent general basis, a variety of new techniques for analysis of variables, which can be implemented through various physical means in continuous action machines as well as through digital means or computer calculations. Several of the elements of these new techniques do have digital counterparts, such as some rank order techniques in digital signal and image processing. However, this invention significantly extends the scope and applicability of these techniques and enables their analog implementation. The invention also introduces a wide range of signal analysis tools which do not exist, and cannot be defined, in the digital domain. In addition, by the present invention, all existing techniques for statistical processing of data, and for studying probability fluxes, are made applicable to analysis of any variable.

Various components of the present invention are collectively designated as Adaptive Real-Time Embodiments for Multivariate Investigation of Signals (ARTEMIS). It is a method, processes, and apparatus for measurement and analysis of variables of different type and origin. In this invention, different features of a variable can be quantified either locally as individual events, or on an arbitrary spatio-temporal scale as scalar fields in properly chosen threshold space. The method proposed herein overcomes limitations of the prior art by directly processing the data in real-time in the analog domain, identifying the events of interest so that continuous digitization and digital processing is not required, performing direct, noise-resistant measurements of salient signal characteristics, and outputting a signal proportional to these characteristics that can be digitized without the need for highspeed front-end sampling. The application areas of ARTEMIS are numerous, e.g., it can be used for adaptive content-sentient real-time signal conditioning, processing, analysis, quantification, comparison, and control, and for detection, quantification, and prediction of changes in signals, and can be deployed in automatic and autonomous measurement, information, and control systems. ARTEMIS can be implemented through various physical means in continuous action machines as well as through digital means or computer calculations. Particular embodiments of the invention include various analog as well as digital devices, computer programs, and simulation tools.

Described are a method and a system for detecting an atmospheric feature. A value of a meteorological scalar field at an initial time is determined for a set of tracers. Each tracer is initialized at a first tracer location. An integration time is selected according to a coherence time of a type of the feature to be detected. Alternatively, or in combination with the selected integration time, a spatial resolution of the wind field is selected according to a spatial scale of the type of feature to be detected. Each tracer is advected to a second tracer location at an earlier time according to the integration time and the wind field. A value of the meteorological scalar field at the earlier time and second tracer location is determined for each tracer and summed with the value at the first location to generate an integrated value of the meteorological scalar field.

Provided is an ultrasound imaging apparatus with which it is possible to directly generate a scalar field image and detect tissue borders without determining movement vectors. The received signal is processed and images of two or more frames are generated. Two frames are selected from the images. Multiple regions of interest are established in one frame and in another frame, search regions that are broader than the regions of interest are established for each of the multiple regions of interest. Within a search region, multiple candidate regions of a size corresponding to the region of interest are established. The distribution of norms within the search region is determined by determining the norm between the pixel value of the region of interest and the pixel value in a candidate region for each of the multiple candidate regions. Images are generated by using a value, which represents the state of norm distribution, as the pixel value of the region of interest corresponding to the search region.